Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the slow movement of water through the pores in soil or permeable rock?
Percolation
What is the primary reason why water is essential for life?
It is used by every known living organism.
What is the process by which water is transformed from a solid to a liquid?
Snowmelt
What is the term used to describe the water that flows over the land surface?
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What is the process called by which water moves from the soil to the atmosphere through plants?
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What is the term for the cycle that involves the storage, transport, and transformation of water in the atmosphere and earth system?
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What is the term used to describe a sponge-like formation of rock and sand that contains groundwater?
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What is the process by which water is released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail?
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What is the term used to describe the land area that drains to a point of concern?
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What is the term for the loss of water from the soil both by evaporation from the soil surface and by transpiration from the leaves of the plants growing on it?
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What is the goal of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004?
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What is the term for the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil?
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Study Notes
Hydrological Processes
- Percolation: slow movement of water through soil or permeable rock pores
- Runoff: water flowing over land surface from rain, snowmelt, or other sources
- Interflow: rapid flow of water towards stream channels occurring below the surface
Transformation of Water
- Liquid to gas: evaporation/evapotranspiration
- Gas to liquid: condensation (e.g., cloud formation)
- Gas to solid: deposition (e.g., snow formation)
- Solid to liquid: snowmelt
Groundwater
- Water that infiltrates the ground's surface
- Exists below the land surface, filling pores and fractures underground
- Aquifers: sponge-like formations of rock and sand containing groundwater
Surface Waters
- Streams and rivers: fed by runoff from surrounding areas and groundwater
- Lakes and ponds: standing bodies of water fed by rivers, streams, and runoff from precipitation
Watersheds
- Land area that drains to a point of concern
- Drainage due to gravity, with water flowing to rivers or lakes
- Watershed boundaries defined by topographical ridges
Water Usage and Depletion
- Residential water use: indoor and outdoor uses of drinking quality water
- Overconsumption: consuming water faster than it is replenished
- Solutions to water depletion: reducing demand through conservation or finding alternative supplies (e.g., desalination, distillation, reverse osmosis)
Water Pollution and Conservation
- Water pollution: addition of substances that degrade or lower water quality for living organisms
- Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275): aims to protect water bodies from pollution
- Safe drinking water: essential for human health and life
Water Properties and Importance
- Water: composed of hydrogen and oxygen, existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states
- Essential for life, used by every known living organism
- Water's unique properties: liquid at room temperature, universal solvent, and ability to exist in all three phases
Water Cycle
- Evaporation: process by which water changes from liquid to gas or vapor
- Transpiration: water movement through plants and evaporation from aerial parts
- Evapotranspiration: loss of water from soil through evaporation and transpiration
- Precipitation: release of water from clouds as rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail
- Infiltration: process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
