Questions and Answers
Draw a water molecule - label the atoms and the charge on them.
See diagram
Describe the structure of a water molecule.
One atom of Oxygen joined to two atoms of hydrogen by shared electrons in a covalent bond.
Name the bond that can link two water molecules together.
A hydrogen bond
Explain what a hydrogen bond is, which types of atoms it can join together and where they occur in biology.
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Draw two water molecules and draw and label the bond that links them together.
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Define the term 'polar'.
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Explain why water is a polar molecule.
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Define the term 'electronegativity'.
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Define the term 'dipole'.
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List the roles water plays in life (5).
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Using the 'polar nature of water,' explain how 1) the water can dome above the level of the glass container it is in, 2) the shape of the meniscus in a glass measuring cylinder, and 3) capillary action in a narrow glass tube.
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List examples of how water is used from across the whole diversity of life (10).
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Describe any other properties water has that makes it useful for life (3).
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Define the term 'hydrophilic'.
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Define the term 'cohesion'.
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Define the term 'hydrophobic'.
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Define the term 'adhesion'.
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Why does the polar nature of water allow it to be a useful solvent?
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Why does the polar nature of water allow it to be a useful transport medium?
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Why does the polar nature of water allow it to be a useful coolant?
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Why does the polar nature of water allow it to be a useful reactant?
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Why does the polar nature of water allow it to be a useful habitat?
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Study Notes
Water Molecule Structure
- A water molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.
- Water molecules exhibit polar properties due to unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges.
Hydrogen Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds form between a more electronegative atom (e.g., oxygen) and a hydrogen atom connected to another electronegative atom.
- These bonds are crucial in biological structures, influencing the properties of water and other biomolecules.
Polarity of Water
- Water is polar with a partially negative charge on oxygen and partially positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.
- The electronegativity of oxygen pulls hydrogen's electrons closer, leading to a dipole formation.
Properties of Water
- Water acts as a reactant in essential chemical reactions and serves as a solvent for biological processes.
- It supports transport of substances, temperature regulation through high specific heat capacity, and provides habitat for various organisms.
Cohesion and Adhesion
- Cohesion allows water molecules to stick together, generating surface tension which can lead to phenomena such as water doming over glass.
- Adhesion enables water to interact with different substances, influencing meniscus shape in containers and aiding capillary action in plants.
Usage of Water in Life
- Water plays diverse roles including habitat, transport medium, lubricant, and reactant in various biochemical processes.
- It provides transparency for photosynthesis, enables sexual reproduction by allowing movement of sperm, and contributes to thermal stability.
Hydrophillic and Hydrophobic Properties
- Hydrophillic substances are attracted to water, facilitating solubility and interaction with biological systems.
- Hydrophobic substances repel water, affecting how organisms interact with their environments.
Electronegative Measurements
- Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract bonding pairs of electrons, impacting molecular interactions.
Cooling and Stability
- Water's high latent heat of evaporation makes it an effective coolant, absorbing significant heat energy during evaporation, such as through sweating.
- The high specific heat capacity allows water to maintain stable temperatures, which is critical for life.
Role in Reactions
- Water participates in hydrolysis reactions, acting as a reactant that can break down complex molecules.
Habitat and Ecosystem
- Water's hydrogen bonding leads to phenomena like surface tension and the floating of ice, which protects aquatic ecosystems by insulating water below.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the structure and bonding of water molecules. You will explore the composition of water, including related vocabulary like hydrogen bonds. Ideal for students studying chemistry concepts related to molecular structure.