Water Molecule Electron Arrangement
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lone pairs of electrons in a water molecule?

  • Stabilizing the tetrahedral geometry of the molecule
  • Acting as excellent hydrogen bond acceptors (correct)
  • Participating in the formation of sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms
  • Enhancing the electronegativity of oxygen

    • What is the consequence of the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule?

  • Oxygen becomes partially positive and hydrogen partially negative
  • The O-H bonds become nonpolar
  • The sharing of electrons in the bond is equal
  • Hydrogen becomes partially positive and oxygen partially negative (correct)

    • What is the significance of the bond angles in a water molecule?

  • It enables the molecule to act as a hydrogen bond acceptor only
  • It allows the formation of four hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules (correct)
  • It makes the molecule completely nonpolar
  • It allows the formation of six hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules

    • What is the collective effect of the individual hydrogen bonds in water?

    <p>The bonds are additive, resulting in a well-ordered structure of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the OH groups in a water molecule?

    <p>They are simultaneously strong hydrogen bond donors and acceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the arrangement of electrons around the oxygen atom in a water molecule?

    <p>It assumes a tetrahedral geometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for water's high boiling point?

    <p>High electronegativity difference in the O-H bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for water's ability to dissolve a wide variety of ions and molecules?

    <p>Its dipolar character and tendency to form hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the breaking down of the ice lattice when water freezes?

    <p>The molecules move closer together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules can readily dissolve in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Hydrophilic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ice tubes and icebergs float on water?

    <p>Because liquid water is denser than ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

    <p>Hydrophilic molecules are soluble in water, while hydrophobic molecules are insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electron Arrangement of Water Molecule

    • The oxygen atom in a water molecule has six outer electrons, with two involved in covalent bonds to the hydrogens and four existing in nonbonded pairs (lone pairs).
    • The lone pairs are excellent hydrogen bond acceptors, and the half-filled orbitals participate in the formation of a sigma bond between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
    • The electron arrangement around oxygen assumes a tetrahedral geometry.

    Polarity of O-H Bonds

    • The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen results in unequal sharing of electrons, making hydrogen partially positive and oxygen partially negative.
    • The O-H bonds are polar, making the OH groups in water strong hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.

    Hydrogen Bonding in Water

    • Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with four other water molecules due to the bond angles.
    • The additive effect of hydrogen bonds results in water having a well-ordered structure, explaining its internal cohesion and unusual properties.

    Unusual Properties of Water

    • Water has a high boiling point, high heat of vaporization, high viscosity, high surface tension, and high dielectric constant compared to other compounds of similar molecular weight.
    • These properties are due to the extensive hydrogen-bonded network of water.

    Properties of Water

    • Water has a high boiling point for its molecular weight (18) compared to other molecules.
    • Water's unusual properties include its high heat of vaporization, high viscosity, high surface tension, and high dielectric constant.

    Structure of Ice

    • When water molecules freeze, the hydrogen bonding becomes regular and clearly defined, creating a rigid tetrahedral molecular lattice in which each molecule is hydrogen-bonded to four others.
    • The open structure of the ice lattice accounts for water's unusual property of being less dense as a solid than as a liquid.

    Biological Importance of Water

    • Water serves as the universal intracellular and extracellular medium due to its remarkable solvent ability.
    • The ability arises from water's tendency to form hydrogen bonds and its dipolar character.
    • Hydrophilic substances, which can take advantage of water's properties, can readily dissolve in water.

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    Description

    Learn about the electron arrangement of a single water molecule, including covalent bonds and lone pairs.

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