Water Management Practices Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant disadvantage of manual planting?

  • Allows for simultaneous fertilization
  • Lower labor requirements
  • Requires less quantity of seeds
  • Time consuming (correct)

    • Which of the following represents a correct statement about weeds?

  • Weeds do not affect the production cost of crops.
  • Weeds help in nutrient absorption of soil.
  • Weeds can decrease crop yield due to increased soil moisture.
  • Weeds may harbor insects and diseases that can attack crops. (correct)

    • The crop water requirement (CWR) accounts for which of the following elements?

  • Soil acidity
  • Weight of soil
  • Seasonal rainfall patterns
  • Evapotranspiration (ET) (correct)

    • What is a purpose of irrigation aside from supplying soil moisture?

    <p>Washing out dilute acids in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor to consider when selecting suitable plant species?

    <p>Specific growing conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of on-farm water management?

    <p>Mulching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using mulching in agriculture?

    <p>Prevents growth of weeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seed sowing method is characterized by placing seeds in holes or pits?

    <p>Dibbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of broadcasting as a sowing method?

    <p>Uneven seed distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using high efficiency irrigation systems?

    <p>Reduces water wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice involves leveling land using a machine that evaluates topography?

    <p>Laser Land Leveling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the use of organic matter in soil management beneficial?

    <p>It adds nutrients without negative effects of inorganic additives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of the dibbling method of sowing seeds?

    <p>Requires more labor and is time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) regarding National Irrigation Systems?

    <p>To manage large and medium irrigation schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of irrigation system is characterized by construction with the participation of farmer-beneficiaries?

    <p>Communal Irrigation Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the scale of a National Irrigation System compared to a Communal Irrigation System?

    <p>The total service area covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of water charges in both National and Communal Irrigation Systems?

    <p>To recover capital costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of development project involves constructing storage dams to impound water?

    <p>Reservoir Projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fresh water usage attributed to the agriculture sector?

    <p>60-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Private Irrigation Systems typically operated?

    <p>By private individuals or groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system involves farmers paying an irrigation service fee per hectare for the irrigation provided?

    <p>National Irrigation Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Management

    • Water management aims to address challenges like water shortages, rainfall deficits, water surplus, intensive cropping, and different water schedules for various crops.

    Water Management Practices

    • On-farm water management:

      • Watercourse improvement: Involves building lined irrigation canal structures, dams, and watersheds.
      • High Efficiency Irrigation Systems: Focuses on clearing vegetation, repairing canal structures, and minimizing water abstractions.

    • Soil Management:

      • Laser Land Leveling: Uses lasers to level land surfaces for efficient water distribution.
      • Mulching: Covers the soil with organic materials like wood chips, leaves, or inorganic materials like plastic, to minimize evaporation, suppress weeds, and improve soil fertility.
      • Use of Organic Matter: Enhances soil fertility and water retention, offering an alternative to inorganic fertilizers.

    • Crop Management:

      • Sowing Methods:

        • Broadcasting: Seeds are spread on the soil, providing a cheap and quick method but with uneven seed distribution and germination.
        • Dibbling: Seeds are placed in holes at specific distances for uniform germination but requires more labor and cost.
        • Drilling: Seeds are dropped into holes and covered with soil by seed drills, ensuring accurate seed placement but needing more time and costs.
        • Manual planting: Seeds or seedlings are directly placed in the soil manually.
        • Transplanting: Seedlings are moved from a nursery and planted in the main field.

      • Weed Control: Removing unwanted vegetation to ensure healthy crop growth.

      • Suitable Plant Species: Selecting crops appropriate to the specific growing conditions to ensure optimal plant growth.

    Irrigation

    • Irrigation delivers water from sources to farms and drainage channels.

    • Crop Water Requirement (CWR): The total water needed by a crop, calculated as:

      • CWR = ET + PL + FL
        • ET: Evapotranspiration (water lost through evaporation and plant transpiration)
        • PL: Percolation losses (water seeping below the root zone)
        • FL: Field losses (water lost through runoff or other means)

    • Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR): The actual water needed for irrigation, calculated as:

      • IWR = CWR - ER
        • ER: Effective rainfall (amount of rainfall that is actually available to the crops)

    Purpose of Irrigation

    • Provides soil moisture.
    • Cools the soil and atmosphere.
    • Offers drought protection.
    • Washes out soil acids.
    • Reduces soil piping hazard.
    • Improves soil texture.

    Irrigation Systems in the Philippines

    • National Irrigation Systems (NIS): Large and medium schemes managed by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA).

    • Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS): Small-scale schemes constructed and operated by farmers' associations with NIA support.

    • Private Irrigation Systems (PIS): Constructed and maintained by individuals or groups for personal use.

    Comparison of Irrigation Systems

    System Description Service Area Implementation/Construction Operation and Maintenance Water Charges Purpose of Water Charges
    National Irrigation System (NIS) Large and medium scale More than 1000 ha NIA NIA and Irrigators Associations Irrigation service fee per hectare/season/crop Capital cost recovery
    Communal Irrigation System (CIS) Small-scale Less than 1000 ha NIA with farmers' participation Irrigators Associations Amortization Capital cost recovery

    Types of Irrigation Development Schemes

    • Diversion Projects: Water is drawn from a water source.

    • Reservoir Projects: Involves constructing dams to store water in watersheds.

      • Dam: A barrier that controls the flow of surface water or underground streams.

    • Pump Projects: Water is lifted from the water source.

    Water Use in Agriculture

    • Agriculture: Accounts for 60-70% of global freshwater use.

    • Industries: Uses approximately 20% of freshwater.

    • Human/Sanitation: Accounts for 8-10% of freshwater use globally.

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    Related Documents

    Water Management and Irrigation PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various water management practices. This quiz covers essential topics such as on-farm water management, soil management techniques, and effective crop management strategies. Enhance your understanding of how to efficiently manage water resources for agricultural purposes.

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