Farming Practices and Water Management in India

Questions and Answers

What is crop rotation intended to achieve?

Eliminate pests from the soil

Provide varying temperatures for crops

Preserve minerals in the soil (correct)

Increase crop yield through irrigation

During which months are Kharif crops typically sown?

October - November

April - May

January - February

June - July (correct)

What are the primary products of Rabi crops?

Tobacco and sesame

Wheat and barley (correct)

Rice and cotton

Maize and groundnut

What is the main characteristic of the 'Zayad' crop?

It has a very short growing season. Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature range is considered suitable for rice cultivation?

22°C to 32°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Japanese method of rice cultivation?

Use of genetically modified seeds Signup and view all the answers

What type of climate is most suitable for cultivating rice?

Warm and humid climate Signup and view all the answers

Which cash crop is classified as a Kharif crop?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal mean temperature for rice cultivation?

25°C – 32°C Signup and view all the answers

Which two states are the leading producers of wheat in India?

Haryana and Punjab Signup and view all the answers

How much rainfall is ideally required for rice cultivation?

150 cm to 200 cm Signup and view all the answers

What type of farming method is predominantly used for rice cultivation?

Transplanting Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is expected to have increased yields by 30% to 40% when planted using a specific method?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a high yielding variety of wheat produced in India?

Jowar Signup and view all the answers

What is dry farming?

Farming in areas with limited rainfall and no irrigation Signup and view all the answers

Which state is considered the leading producer of Jowar in India?

Maharashtra Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main varieties of millets cultivated in India?

Jowar, Bajra, Ragi Signup and view all the answers

What is mixed farming primarily characterized by?

Combining crop production with other occupations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of subsistence agriculture?

Cultivating large areas of land for profit Signup and view all the answers

What is one key feature of plantation crops?

Typically involve large-scale monoculture production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a food grain crop?

Wheat Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of the Green Revolution?

Introduction of high-yielding varieties of crops Signup and view all the answers

Which farming type is primarily practiced without significant irrigation support?

Dry farming Signup and view all the answers

In which type of farming do farmers cultivate various crops and sometimes livestock?

Mixed farming Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for pruning tea plants?

To enhance lateral branching and facilitate hand plucking Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason for the decline in tea export in foreign markets?

Tough competition in foreign markets Signup and view all the answers

Why are orange trees inter-planted with coffee in estates?

To provide shade and supplementary income to farmers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of planting silver oak and banana trees in coffee plantations?

To protect coffee plants from direct sunlight Signup and view all the answers

When is latex from rubber trees most effectively tapped?

In the early morning hours Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the successful growth of rubber trees in Kerala?

Soil with high clay content Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between shifting agriculture and plantation agriculture?

Plantation agriculture is managed scientifically and larger in scale Signup and view all the answers

What does afforestation aim to achieve?

Planting new forests to prevent soil erosion Signup and view all the answers

Which state in India is the largest producer of raw cotton?

Punjab Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT known for producing sesame?

Haryana Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary crop associated with sericulture?

Silk Signup and view all the answers

Which region in South India is NOT known for tea production?

Western Ghats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries does India import long staple cotton from?

U.S.A. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these states is primarily known for its natural rubber production?

Kerala Signup and view all the answers

What type of coffee variety is NOT grown in India?

Coffee Excelsa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an important characteristic of plantation farming?

A single crop is grown Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Floods and Droughts

Multipurpose river valley schemes help control floods and droughts.

Farming Types in India

Intensive Farming: High input of labor and resources for maximum output.
Extensive Farming: Utilizes larger land areas with lower inputs.
Humid Farming: Relies on high rainfall regions for crop growth.
Irrigated Farming: Depends on irrigation systems for water supply.
Dry Farming: Practiced in arid areas; focuses on moisture conservation using techniques suited for red soil.
Shifting/Migratory Farming: Farmers move from one place to another to cultivate.
Subsistence Farming: Crops grown primarily for personal consumption.
Commercial Farming: Aimed at market production for profit.
Plantation Farming: Large-scale cultivation of single crops (e.g., tea, coffee).
Mixed Farming: Combines crops with livestock or other activities for diversified income.
Terraced Farming: Used on slopes to prevent soil erosion, maximizing arable land.

Dry Farming

Emphasizes soil moisture conservation and limited rainwater use.
Best suited to red soils.

Mixed Farming

Integrates crops with livestock or supplementary activities.
Provides diversified income sources.

Green Revolution

Marked by high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds.
Increased use of fertilizers for greater agricultural output.

Subsistence Agriculture

Focuses on production solely for farmer's consumption.
Small farms managed by family labor.

Plantation Crops

Grown on large, scientifically managed farms.
Require significant capital; examples include tea, coffee, and rubber.

Agricultural Products Categories

Food Grain Crops: Include rice, wheat, and pulses.
Commercial Crops: Include cotton, jute, rubber, tea, and coffee.

Crop Rotation

Involves growing different crops on the same field sequentially.
Helps preserve soil nutrients, e.g., legumes after cereals.

Zayad

An extra crop grown between Rabi and Kharif seasons, mainly seasonal fruits and vegetables.

Kharif and Rabi Crops

Kharif Crops: Sown during June, harvested in November (e.g., rice, cotton).
Rabi Crops: Sown in October-November, harvested in March-April (e.g., wheat, barley).

Rice Cultivation Conditions

Requires warm, humid climate with temperatures ideally between 22°C to 32°C.
Prefers heavy rainfall (150-300 cm) and standing water for optimal growth.

Japanese Rice Cultivation

Features include better seed quality, nursery sowing, and row transplanting for efficient management.
Regular manuring and consistent irrigation improve yield.

Transplanting Method

Seedlings planted in small, prepared plots for better growth control.
Essential for crops sensitive to waterlogged conditions, like tea.

Pruning in Tea Cultivation

Enhances lateral growth and allows for efficient leaf plucking.
Facilitates the growth of new shoots.

Tea Export Decline

Exports reduced due to intense competition in global markets.

Coffee Planting Techniques

Intercropping with shade-providing plants like oranges and cardamom promotes healthier coffee plants and adds income sources.
Silver oak and banana trees also provide shade and support for coffee cultivation.

Rubber Tree Tapping

Typically conducted in the morning for optimal latex flow and minimal rain interference.

Rubber Production in Kerala

Dominant state for rubber cultivation, benefiting from high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and well-drained land.

Afforestation vs. Deforestation

Afforestation: Planting new forests for soil protection.
Deforestation: Destruction of forests leading to soil erosion.

Shifting vs. Plantation Agriculture

Shifting Agriculture: Traditional, capital-light, practiced in remote areas.
Plantation Agriculture: Market-oriented, scientifically managed with significant investment.

Additional Agricultural Notes

Rice plantation yields can increase by 30-40% with proper methods.
Jowar primarily produced in Maharashtra; millet varieties include Jowar, Bajra, Ragi.
Cotton cultivation states include Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Punjab.

Tea and Coffee Production

India is the largest tea producer; Kolkata is the main exporting port.
Major coffee-producing states include Karnataka and Kerala; significant varieties are Coffee Arabica and Coffee Robusta.

Silk and Sericulture

Key states for silk production include Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Assam; known as sericulture.

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Description

This quiz covers crucial concepts related to farming practices in India, including various types of farming and the impact of water management on agriculture. Gain insights into intensive, extensive, irrigated, and other farming methods that are essential for understanding Indian agriculture. Test your knowledge on these key topics!