Water Balance in Cells and Organisms
17 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is responsible for surface tension?

  • Xylem
  • Adhesion
  • Transpiration
  • Cohesion (correct)
  • Which cells are responsible for conducting water from roots to shoots in plants?

  • Nephrons
  • Loop of Henle
  • Tracheids and vessels (correct)
  • Guard cells
  • What is the function of guard cells in plants?

  • Maintaining surface tension
  • Balancing CO2 uptake and water loss (correct)
  • Transporting nitrogenous waste
  • Absorbing water from waste
  • Which kidney structure contains nephrons responsible for reabsorption and secretion?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do animals excrete that varies in toxicity and cost to produce?

    <p>Nitrogenous waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the large intestine primarily absorb from waste?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the difference between osmoregulators and osmoconformers?

    <p>Osmoregulators maintain a constant internal environment, while osmoconformers allow their internal environment to match the external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would cause an animal cell to lose water?

    <p>The extracellular environment is hypertonic compared to the cytosol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for organisms to maintain homeostasis?

    <p>Generating toxic gases as byproducts of metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force for transpiration in plants?

    <p>The difference in water potential between the soil and the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of homeostasis, what does the term 'stable internal physiological state' refer to?

    <p>The maintenance of optimal conditions for cellular processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between water potential and transpiration in plants?

    <p>Higher water potential in the soil leads to higher transpiration rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of parietal cells in the digestive process?

    <p>Parietal cells use ATP to actively transport hydrogen ions into the lumen of the gastric gland, contributing to the acidic environment necessary for protein digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms enables animals to digest food without harming their own tissues?

    <p>The secretion of digestive enzymes that are specific to the chemical composition of food macromolecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of hormones in the digestive process?

    <p>Hormones are produced by multicellular glands and can signal distant parts of the body to regulate growth, development, and homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of electrical signaling in the digestive process?

    <p>Electrical signaling is used by neurons to transmit information related to the digestive process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of mechanical digestion in the mouth?

    <p>Mechanical digestion in the mouth involves the grinding of food particles by teeth, breaking them into smaller pieces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water and Transport

    • Cohesion: ability of like molecules to stick together, responsible for surface tension
    • Adhesion: ability of dissimilar molecules to stick together, active force between water and other surfaces
    • Both cohesion and adhesion are responsible for capillary action
    • Xylem conducts water from roots to shoots, with two types: Tracheids and vessels
    • Tracheids and vessels are tubular, elongated cells with hardened lignin cell walls, dead at maturity

    Transpiration and Plant Water Balance

    • Transpiration: water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem
    • Plants have air spaces to prevent overfilling with water, but this causes water loss
    • Plants need water for several reasons, including stomata (pores on the plant's surface)
    • Stomata are surrounded by specialized cells called guard cells
    • Plants balance CO2 uptake and water loss by controlling the opening and closing of stomata

    Kidney Function and Nephron

    • A single kidney contains 1,000,000 nephrons
    • Functions of the nephron: reabsorption (goes back into the blood) and secretion (leaves the body in the urine)
    • Renal function loop of Henle

    Nitrogenous Waste, Salt and Water Exchanges

    • Animals excrete three forms of nitrogenous waste that vary in toxicity and cost to produce
    • Salt and water exchanges with the environment can disturb salt-water balance
    • Many vital processes have the potential to disturb salt-water balance

    Energy, Nutrition, and Digestion

    • Large intestine absorbs water from waste
    • Energy, nutrition, and digestion involve obtaining energy, water, and nutrients from the external environment
    • Organisms must get rid of toxic gas, sense and respond to external and internal environments, and regulate all of the above

    Osmoregulation and Homeostasis

    • Osmoregulators regulate salt and water inside their bodies to maintain internal balance regardless of environment
    • Osmoconformers let salt and water into their system to be similar to their environment
    • Animal cells maintain their volume by maintaining a cytosol (intracellular fluid) isotonic to the extracellular environment
    • Water loss in animal cells can be hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic
    • Homeostasis: regulation and maintenance of a stable internal physiological state in the face of a changing external environment

    Transpiration and Water Balance in Plants

    • Water potential and transpiration: water moves from areas of high water potential to areas of lower water potential
    • For water to travel from soil through the plant, absorption is necessary

    Digestion and Absorption

    • The hepatic portal system is involved in digestion and absorption of fats
    • Digestion in the small intestine
    • Parietal cells use ATP to drive pumps to expel H into the lumen of the gastric gland
    • Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth: teeth grind food into smaller particles

    Chemical Signaling and Hormones

    • Hormones signals can be amplified
    • Hormones and other signaling molecules can be produced by single cells or multicellular structures called glands
    • Endocrine system: hormones travel to distant parts of the body (growth) and regulate growth, development, and homeostasis
    • Hormones are two types: hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules

    Electrical Signaling

    • Neurons transmit information through electrical signals

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the concepts of osmoregulators and osmoconformers, and how they maintain salt and water balance inside their bodies. Learn how animal cells regulate their volume by keeping the cytosol isotonic to the external environment.

    More Like This

    Osmoregulation Terms Distinction
    29 questions
    Osmoregulatory System Function
    1 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser