Osmoregulation Terms Distinction
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which term describes a solution with a lower osmotic pressure than another?

  • Hypoosmotic (correct)
  • Hyperosmotic
  • Isoosmotic
  • Osmoconformers

What is the term for the control of osmotic pressure in an organism's body fluids?

  • Excretion
  • Anhydrobiosis
  • Isoosmotic
  • Osmoregulation (correct)

What is the function of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

  • Reabsorption of water and solutes (correct)
  • Secretion of metabolic wastes
  • Filtration of blood
  • Regulation of osmotic pressure

Which term describes a solution with the same osmotic pressure as another?

<p>Isoosmotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of metabolic wastes?

<p>Excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors affecting the energetic cost of osmoregulation?

<p>Osmotic gradient, efficiency of transport mechanisms, environmental conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the loop of Henle in enhancing water conservation?

<p>Creating a concentration gradient in the medulla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system controls renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate?

<p>Autonomic nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone modulates water reabsorption and electrolyte balance in response to changing body conditions?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antigens and antibodies?

<p>Antigens are molecules that trigger an immune response, while antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific region on an antigen that binds to an antibody or receptor called?

<p>Epitope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune system?

<p>Directly attack infected cells or coordinate immune responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Active immunity involves:

<p>Response to antigens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of clonal selection in adaptive immunity?

<p>To produce a large population of identical cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are lymphocyte antigen receptors tested for self-reactivity?

<p>To prevent autoimmune reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of effector cells in adaptive immunity?

<p>To act immediately against the antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of negative selection of lymphocyte antigen receptors?

<p>To prevent autoimmune reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B lymphocytes recognize specific antigens?

<p>Via their unique surface receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to lymphocytes during clonal selection?

<p>They undergo clonal expansion, producing a large population of identical cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does immunological memory provide long-term immunity?

<p>By recognizing the same antigen upon re-exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can a single antigen provoke a robust humoral response?

<p>Due to clonal selection and expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes neutralization from opsonization in the immune system?

<p>Neutralization prevents pathogens from entering host cells, while opsonization marks pathogens for phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the role of MHC contribute to tissue transplant rejection?

<p>MHC molecules present peptides from the transplanted tissue, triggering an immune response if recognized as foreign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of an allergic reaction?

<p>IgE antibodies, mast cells, and histamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to evade the host immune response?

<p>Antigenic variation, suppression of host immune function, and mimicry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do memory B cells contribute to a faster secondary immune response?

<p>By differentiating into antibody-secreting plasma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does opsonization enhance the recognition and engulfment of pathogens by phagocytic cells?

<p>By coating pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutralization in the immune system?

<p>To prevent pathogens from entering or damaging host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do pathogens utilize antigenic variation to evade recognition by the immune system?

<p>By altering surface molecules to evade recognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Osmoregulation Quiz
5 questions

Osmoregulation Quiz

WorthyMossAgate1136 avatar
WorthyMossAgate1136
Osmoregulation and Kidney Function
34 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser