Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor does NOT influence physical runoff?
Which factor does NOT influence physical runoff?
- Geology
- Temperature/time of year
- Soil compaction (correct)
- Rainfall type
What is one consequence of urbanization on runoff?
What is one consequence of urbanization on runoff?
- Increased runoff percentage (correct)
- Enhanced vegetation growth
- Increased soil permeability
- Higher rainfall levels
What effect does winter rainfall have on the River Wye's water balance?
What effect does winter rainfall have on the River Wye's water balance?
- Enhances evapotranspiration in lowlands
- Increases winter runoff (correct)
- Reduces field capacity
- Decreases overall runoff
Which characteristic does NOT describe the upper part of the River Wye?
Which characteristic does NOT describe the upper part of the River Wye?
How does vegetation type factor into runoff predictions?
How does vegetation type factor into runoff predictions?
Flashcards
Water Balance Equation
Water Balance Equation
The relationship between precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and storage.
Runoff as % of Precipitation
Runoff as % of Precipitation
A measure used by hydrologists to predict flood risk.
Physical Factors Affecting Runoff
Physical Factors Affecting Runoff
Geology, permeability, rainfall amount/type, vegetation, relief, temperature, and saturated ground.
Human Factors Affecting Runoff
Human Factors Affecting Runoff
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River Wye Example
River Wye Example
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Study Notes
Water Balance
- Water balance is expressed as P = O + E +/- S
- P = Precipitation
- O = Runoff
- E = Evapotranspiration
- S = Storage
Factors Affecting River Runoff
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Physical Factors: Geology, permeability of ground, rainfall type, amount of rainfall, vegetation type, relief, temperature (time of year), saturated/antecedent weather.
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Human Factors: Urbanization, soil compaction, abstraction (taking water from ground), deforestation, agricultural practices, river interference.
River Wye Characteristics
- Upper part of the drainage basin:
- Steep slopes
- Acidic soils
- Low pH
- Grassland
- Deforested for farming
- Reduced interception
- Increased overland flow
- Ditches to drain land
- Prone to flooding
River Wye (Additional)
- Longest 5th in the UK
- 215km long
- Source in Plynlimon Hills (mid Wales)
- Mouth at Chepstow
- Joins Severn Estuary
- Special scientific interest (SSI)
- Outstanding natural beauty (ONB) site.
Water Budget/Soil Moisture Budget
- Used to assess flood risk & susceptibility of an area to flooding
- Relationship between temperature, precipitation, and evaporation rates.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of water balance, including factors that affect river runoff. This quiz covers both physical and human influences on river characteristics, with a focus on the River Wye. Test your knowledge on hydrology and the environment.
