Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Chapter 5

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the weight of ordinary fresh water for fire protection purposes?

7.5 pounds per gallon

8.8 pounds per cubic foot

6.8 pounds per cubic foot

8.3 pounds per gallon (correct)

What happens to the volume of water when converted to steam at 212°F?

Occupies approximately 500 times its original volume

Occupies approximately 1,000 times its original volume

Occupies approximately 1,700 times its original volume (correct)

Occupies approximately 2,000 times its original volume

Why is water considered an excellent extinguishing agent?

It is more expensive than other common extinguishing agents

It is highly pressurized when used in firefighting

It has a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other common extinguishing agents (correct)

It is easily converted to steam at low temperatures

How does the surface area of water affect its heat absorption?

More surface area results in more rapid heat absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of water in firefighting due to its physical property?

High surface tension making it difficult to soak into dense materials Signup and view all the answers

How can water's reactivity with certain substances hinder firefighting efforts?

It may react with combustible metals and certain fuels Signup and view all the answers

In what way does water's conductivity impact firefighting efforts?

It increases the risk of electrical hazards Signup and view all the answers

What is force a simple measure of?

Weight Signup and view all the answers

What determines the speed of a fluid traveling through a hose or pipe?

Pressure and size of the orifice Signup and view all the answers

According to the 6 principles of pressure, what happens to fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest?

It is the same intensity in all directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel and its depth?

The pressure is proportional to its depth Signup and view all the answers

How is pressure applied to a confined fluid transmitted?

Equally in all directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?

14.7 psi Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for any pressure less than atmospheric pressure?

Vacuum Signup and view all the answers

What does 'head' refer to in the fire service?

The height of a water supply above the discharge orifice Signup and view all the answers

How is head pressure in psi calculated from head in feet?

Divide the number of feet by 2.304 Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of an object in relation to sea level called?

Altitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pressure losses or gains due to gravity?

Elevation pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to atmospheric pressure above 2000 feet in relation to firefighting pumpers?

It decreases, requiring increased effort from pumpers Signup and view all the answers

What is the forward velocity pressure when water is flowing from a discharge opening?

Flow pressure Signup and view all the answers

How much does atmospheric pressure fluctuate above sea level for every 1,000 feet?

Decreases 0.5 psi Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of friction loss in hoses?

Sharp bends/kinks Signup and view all the answers

What does friction loss vary directly with, if all other conditions are the same?

The length of the hose or pipes Signup and view all the answers

How does friction loss vary when the flow remains constant and the diameter of the hose is increased?

Friction loss decreases Signup and view all the answers

For a given velocity, what happens to friction loss regardless of the pressure on water?

Friction loss is approximately the same Signup and view all the answers

What determines the velocity for a given volume of water flowing through a hose?

The diameter of the hose Signup and view all the answers

What is required to shape the stream of an open fire hose for firefighting purposes?

A nozzle Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of a hose layout that affect friction loss?

Hose length, diameter, and sharp bends or kinks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of partially closing master streams or hydrants before completely closing them?

To prevent water hammer Signup and view all the answers

In a gravity system, where is the primary water source located in relation to the distribution system?

At a higher elevation Signup and view all the answers

What type of system uses one or more pumps to take water from the primary source and discharge it through filtration and treatment processes?

Direct pumping system Signup and view all the answers

What type of system most commonly utilizes both direct pumping and gravity systems with elevated tanks providing gravity flow?

Combination system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a hydrant that receives water from only one direction?

Dead-end hydrant Signup and view all the answers

What does a grid system for water distribution consist of?

Primary feeders, secondary feeders, distributors Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a grid system's primary feeders?

Large pipes with relatively wide spacing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a valve in a water distribution system?

Controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping Signup and view all the answers

Which type of valve has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem that controls the gate's opening or closing?

OS&Y valve Signup and view all the answers

What type of valves are generally gate valves used as control valves in a public water distribution system?

Nonindicating valves Signup and view all the answers

What type of valve has a hollow metal post attached to the valve housing with a threaded valve stem inside?

Post indicator valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the max total amount of water that was used during any 24-hour interval within a 3 year period called?

Max daily consumption (MDC) Signup and view all the answers

What restricts the interconnection of potable and nonpotable water systems?

EPA and numerous state and local water quality codes Signup and view all the answers

What materials are commonly used for underground water pipes?

Cast iron, ductile iron, asbestos cement, steel, plastic, or concrete Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum amount of water used in any 1-hour interval over the course of a day?

Peak hourly consumption (PHC) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to increased friction loss in underground water pipes?

Encrustation of minerals and sedimentation settling out of the water Signup and view all the answers