Water as a Universal Solvent

Which of the following actions will increase the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent?

A saturated solution cannot dissolve any additional solute.

What is the term for a solution that holds more solute than it normally would at a given temperature?

The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in 100g of water at a given temperature to form a saturated solution is called the substance's _________.

Match the substance with their approximate solubility in 100g of water at 20°C:

What is a substance called when it dissolves in a liquid?

A saturated solution can dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

What is the process called when a solid disappears in water?

A liquid that dissolves other substances is called a ______.

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Water as a Universal Solvent

Water dissolves many substances, making it a universal solvent.
A solution is formed when a solid disappears in water.
Dissolution is the process of a solid dissolving in water.
A solvent is a liquid that dissolves other substances.
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a liquid.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute and solvent.
A saturated solution is one that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature.
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100 g of water at a specific temperature.

Types of Solutions

Solution: Particles of solute are very tiny (less than 10^-7 cm). They cannot be seen with a microscope. They do not settle.
Suspension: Particles of solute are larger (more than 10^-4 cm). They can be seen with the naked eye and will settle.
Colloid: Particles of solute are in between the size of solution and suspension (10^-7 and 10^-5 cm). They are visible using a microscope. They do not settle.

Importance of Dissolved Solids

Dissolved gases give water its taste.
Oxygen in water sustains aquatic life.
Oxygen helps eliminate bacteria.
Carbon dioxide is food for aquatic plants.
Solubility of gases in water decreases with temperature.

Salinity of Seawater

Rivers carry dissolved salts to the sea.
Evaporation of seawater leaves salts behind.
The continuous cycle of rain, rivers, and evaporation maintains the salinity of seawater.
The normal salt concentration is 35g/litre of water.

Conditions for Solution Formation

The substances must be mutually soluble.
Higher temperatures can increase solubility.
The solute should be finely powdered to increase surface area.
Stirring increases the rate of dissolution.

Explore the fascinating properties of water as a universal solvent. This quiz covers concepts such as solutions, solubility, and the differences between solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Test your understanding of how various substances interact with water and the principles governing dissolution.