35 Questions
What is the approximate level of water in fat tissue?
5%
Which of the following is NOT a major function of water in the body?
Insulation
What myth about water intake is debunked in the text?
Everyone should drink exactly 8 cups of water per day.
Approximately how much of the body's blood consists of water?
80-90%
Which factor influences individual water intake requirements according to the text?
Body composition
Which of the following describes the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What is the approximate percentage range of water in muscle tissue?
75-77%
Which electrolyte is responsible for controlling fluid shifts in and out of cells?
Sodium (Na+)
What is a common symptom of sodium deficiency?
Muscle Weakness
What is the term used to describe excessive hydration beyond the normal needs of the body?
Hyperhydration
Which of the following electrolytes attracts water as cells move it in and out?
Chloride (Cl-)
Which of the following is a major physiological function of sodium in the body?
Aids in nerve function and muscle contractions
What are some general signs of hyponatremia?
Nausea and vomiting
Where is most of the water located in the human body?
Intracellularly within cells
What is one major function of water in the body?
Regulates body temperature
What is hyperhydration commonly known as?
Water intoxication
What is a common symptom of hypohydration ('dehydration')?
Flushed skin
What is the main function of sodium in the body according to the text?
Regulates blood pressure
How does osmotic pressure affect the movement of water across cell membranes?
Accelerates water movement
Which electrolyte plays a key role in regulating body fluids through osmosis?
Potassium
What happens to water when salts like electrolytes are dissolved in it?
Water is drawn towards the salts
How do anions and cations affect the movement of water in the body?
They attract water
Which electrolyte is responsible for attracting hydrogen ions (H) in the body?
Chloride (Cl-)
Which mechanism controls carbonic acid levels in the blood?
Hyperventilation
What is the primary role of bicarbonate ions and carbonic acid in the blood?
Maintaining acid-base balance
In cases of metabolic acidosis due to electrolyte imbalance, what symptoms might a person experience?
Confusion and fatigue
Which of the following is NOT a common electrolyte found in the body?
Calcium
What happens to pH levels when there is an imbalance of electrolytes due to hyperhydration?
pH levels increase (metabolic alkalosis)
How are phosphate buffers involved in maintaining pH balance?
By neutralizing strong acids with weak bases
What are the main roles of sodium in the body?
Maintaining electrolyte balance and muscle contraction
Why is chloride essential in the body?
For regulating acid/base balance and electrolyte balance
How do sodium and chloride exist in table salt (NaCl)?
60% sodium and 40% chloride
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between electrolytes and electricity?
Electrolytes help conduct electrical charges in the body
Why does the body need to balance cations and anions in intracellular and extracellular fluids?
To facilitate cellular communication and maintain cell function
What is the primary role of Na-K pumps in maintaining intracellular fluid composition?
To maintain high potassium and low sodium concentrations within cells
This quiz covers the role of water in the body, regulation of body water, hypo- and hyper-hydration, as well as an introduction to minerals. It discusses major physiological functions of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride. It also covers hyperhydration, hyponatremia, hypohydration (dehydration), hypernatremia, and signs of hypohydration.
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