Wastewater Treatment Processes and Equipment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Domestic wastewater is also called ______ wastewater

sanitary

Industrial wastewater is wastewater in which ______ wastes predominate

industrial

The infiltration/Inflow water that enters the sewer system through leaking joints, cracks and breaks, or porous walls is called ______

infiltration

Storm water is runoff resulting from ______ and snowmelt

rainfall Signup and view all the answers

Three types of sewer systems are: sanitary sewer system, storm sewer system, and ______ water system.

combined Signup and view all the answers

The contaminants of concern in wastewater treatment include suspended solids, biodegradable organics, pathogens, nutrients, priority pollutants, refractory organics, heavy metals, and dissolved ______.

inorganics Signup and view all the answers

The treatment objectives for wastewater treatment are the removal of suspended and floatable material, treatment of biodegradable organics, elimination of pathogenic organisms, removal of toxic compounds, and removal of ______.

nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Wastewater treatment systems are divided into preliminary, primary, secondary, tertiary, and solids treatment and ______.

disposal Signup and view all the answers

Preliminary wastewater treatment involves the removal of large solids to prevent damage to the remainder of the unit operations through screening, comminution, grit removal, and ______.

flotation Signup and view all the answers

Primary wastewater treatment aims to remove a portion of suspended solids and organic matter by settling or sedimentation, typically removing about 60% of solids and 30% of ______.

BOD Signup and view all the answers

Secondary wastewater treatment is directed principally at the removal of biodegradable organics and suspended solids, including biological treatment by activated sludge, fixed-film reactors, lagoons, and ______ systems.

pond Signup and view all the answers

Tertiary wastewater treatment involves the polishing of secondary effluent, primarily removing nutrients, toxic compounds, increased amounts of organic material, and suspended ______.

solids Signup and view all the answers

Solids treatment and disposal includes the collection, stabilization, and subsequent disposal of the solids removed by other ______.

processes Signup and view all the answers

Wastewater treatment methods are classified into physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and ______ unit processes.

biological Signup and view all the answers

Preliminary treatment includes screening, the first operation performed on incoming wastewater for the purpose of removing materials that might damage equipment or hinder further ______.

treatment Signup and view all the answers

Screening devices are used to remove coarse solids from wastewater, which consist of sticks, rags, boards, and other large objects that find their way to the wastewater collection ______.

systems Signup and view all the answers

Optimum range of dissolved oxygen for aerobic processes is 1.5 – 2.5 mg/L

DO levels Signup and view all the answers

Dissolved oxygen levels of 5-6 can lead to undesirable ______ and filamentous bulking in the sludge, a condition known as over-aeration.

microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Operational and wastewater characteristic factors can cause filamentous bulking in secondary clarifiers.

Filamentous bulking Signup and view all the answers

Operational causes of non-filamentous organisms include over-aeration and the presence of ______.

toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Various cures and techniques can be employed to address issues such as adjusting ______ and DO levels, dosing with H2O2, and pre-treating wastewater.

F/M ratio Signup and view all the answers

Aeration techniques include the use of air diffusers and ______, each with its unique advantages and limitations.

mechanical aerators Signup and view all the answers

Wastewater ponds and lagoons are used for natural purification processes, with ______ often referred to as polishing or tertiary ponds.

aerobic ponds Signup and view all the answers

Attached growth systems, such as ______ and biotowers, are populated by a variety of organisms and are effective in treating wastewater.

trickling filters Signup and view all the answers

Trickling filters utilize randomly ______ and are simple with low operating costs but may have odor and clogging problems.

packed solid medium Signup and view all the answers

Biotowers use ______ in a vertical arrangement and are suitable for higher porosity and low weight.

synthetic media Signup and view all the answers

The success of an ______ is often dependent on the performance of the final clarifier.

activated sludge system Signup and view all the answers

The presence of oxygen in ponds is primarily provided by ______, and lagoons are distinguished from ponds by artificial aeration to provide oxygen.

photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Biological wastewater treatment involves the use of microorganisms to convert organics in wastewater into ______ or biomass.

biological cells Signup and view all the answers

The rate of biomass production and food utilization in biological treatment is affected by factors such as temperature, pH, toxins, salt concentration, oxidants, and ______.

nutrient deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms involved in biological treatment require a gradual adjustment to a wide range of environmental factors and may be irreparably damaged by sudden ______.

changes Signup and view all the answers

The design of biological systems for wastewater treatment requires knowledge of biological principles, kinetics of metabolism, mass balance principles, and ______ operations.

physical Signup and view all the answers

The two types of biological growth/culture used in wastewater treatment are suspended cultures/growth and ______ growth.

attached Signup and view all the answers

Design parameters/operational parameters in the activated sludge process include F/M ratio, MLSS, MCRT/SRT, and ______, which affect treatment efficiency and waste activated sludge production.

HRT Signup and view all the answers

The F/M ratio in biological treatment measures organic loading and affects aeration period and treatment efficiency, with low ratios resulting in high treatment efficiency and little waste activated ______.

sludge Signup and view all the answers

MLSS represents the suspended solids in the reactor and is useful in the determination of F/M, sometimes expressed in terms of suspended ______.

solids Signup and view all the answers

The MCRT/SRT represents the average time in which microorganisms or solids stay in the reactor, and HRT represents the average time in which the liquid remains in the ______.

system Signup and view all the answers

Wastewater treatment systems such as activated sludge, ponds, and lagoons utilize suspended cultures/growth, with variations such as step aeration, tapered aeration, contact stabilization, pure oxygen activated sludge, oxidation ditch, high rate, and extended ______.

aeration Signup and view all the answers

The microorganisms involved in biological treatment are the same as those in natural freshwater systems but are carefully controlled in engineered reactors to optimize organic ______.

removal Signup and view all the answers

Biological treatment of wastewater requires a wide variety of organisms or a mixed culture due to the wide variety of ______ present in wastewater.

organics Signup and view all the answers

Fine ______ consist of woven wire or cloth perforated plates and should be mechanically cleaned on a continuous basis.

screens Signup and view all the answers

Mechanically-cleaned bar have bar racks 3 to 4 inches apart, while manually-cleaned bar require good flow distribution and velocity control.

screens Signup and view all the answers

Disposal methods for ______ include hauling to disposal areas, burial on the plant site, incineration, disposal with municipal solid wastes, and grinding and returning to the wastewater flow.

screenings Signup and view all the answers

Comminution involves shredding ______ to approximately 8 mm in size using devices like a hammermill or a barminutor.

screenings Signup and view all the answers

Grit ______ is essential to separate non-biodegradable solids from organic suspended solids, and it includes channel-type horizontal-flow grit chambers, aerated grit chambers, and vortex-type grit chambers.

removal Signup and view all the answers

Grit ______ protect mechanical equipment, reduce heavy deposits, and minimize the frequency of digester cleaning.

chambers Signup and view all the answers

Parshall and Palmer-Bowlus are commonly used for flow measurement in wastewater treatment.

flumes Signup and view all the answers

Primary ______ involves sedimentation, which separates suspended particles from water through gravitational settling in sedimentation basins or tanks.

treatment Signup and view all the answers

Factors affecting sedimentation tank ______ include the type of solids, age of wastewater, rate of solids flow, cleanliness, and mechanical condition of the tank.

efficiency Signup and view all the answers

______ achieves removal efficiency for settleable solids (90-95%), suspended solids (50-65%), BOD (20-35%), and colloidal solids (not removed unless coagulants are added).

Sedimentation Signup and view all the answers

Flow distribution in sedimentation ______ is managed by inlet structures to evenly distribute the flow and prevent short circuiting.

tanks Signup and view all the answers

Secondary ______ involves the biological conversion of dissolved and colloidal organics into biomass, which can be subsequently removed by sedimentation.

treatment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Wastewater Treatment Processes and Equipment

Fine screens consist of woven wire or cloth perforated plates and should be mechanically cleaned on a continuous basis.
Mechanically-cleaned bar screens have bar racks 3 to 4 inches apart, while manually-cleaned bar screens require good flow distribution and velocity control.
Disposal methods for screenings include hauling to disposal areas, burial on the plant site, incineration, disposal with municipal solid wastes, and grinding and returning to the wastewater flow.
Comminution involves shredding screenings to approximately 8 mm in size using devices like a hammermill or a barminutor.
Grit removal is essential to separate non-biodegradable solids from organic suspended solids, and it includes channel-type horizontal-flow grit chambers, aerated grit chambers, and vortex-type grit chambers.
Grit chambers protect mechanical equipment, reduce heavy deposits, and minimize the frequency of digester cleaning.
Parshall flumes and Palmer-Bowlus flumes are commonly used for flow measurement in wastewater treatment.
Primary treatment involves sedimentation, which separates suspended particles from water through gravitational settling in sedimentation basins or tanks.
Factors affecting sedimentation tank efficiency include the type of solids, age of wastewater, rate of solids flow, cleanliness, and mechanical condition of the tank.
Sedimentation achieves removal efficiency for settleable solids (90-95%), suspended solids (50-65%), BOD (20-35%), and colloidal solids (not removed unless coagulants are added).
Flow distribution in sedimentation tanks is managed by inlet structures to evenly distribute the flow and prevent short circuiting.
Secondary treatment involves the biological conversion of dissolved and colloidal organics into biomass, which can be subsequently removed by sedimentation.

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Test your knowledge of wastewater treatment processes and equipment with this insightful quiz. Explore topics such as fine screens, bar screens, disposal methods for screenings, grit removal, flow measurement, sedimentation, and factors affecting sedimentation tank efficiency.

Wastewater Treatment Processes and Equipment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Domestic wastewater is also called ______ wastewater

Industrial wastewater is wastewater in which ______ wastes predominate

The infiltration/Inflow water that enters the sewer system through leaking joints, cracks and breaks, or porous walls is called ______

Storm water is runoff resulting from ______ and snowmelt

Three types of sewer systems are: sanitary sewer system, storm sewer system, and ______ water system.

The contaminants of concern in wastewater treatment include suspended solids, biodegradable organics, pathogens, nutrients, priority pollutants, refractory organics, heavy metals, and dissolved ______.

The treatment objectives for wastewater treatment are the removal of suspended and floatable material, treatment of biodegradable organics, elimination of pathogenic organisms, removal of toxic compounds, and removal of ______.

Wastewater treatment systems are divided into preliminary, primary, secondary, tertiary, and solids treatment and ______.

Preliminary wastewater treatment involves the removal of large solids to prevent damage to the remainder of the unit operations through screening, comminution, grit removal, and ______.

Primary wastewater treatment aims to remove a portion of suspended solids and organic matter by settling or sedimentation, typically removing about 60% of solids and 30% of ______.

Secondary wastewater treatment is directed principally at the removal of biodegradable organics and suspended solids, including biological treatment by activated sludge, fixed-film reactors, lagoons, and ______ systems.

Tertiary wastewater treatment involves the polishing of secondary effluent, primarily removing nutrients, toxic compounds, increased amounts of organic material, and suspended ______.

Solids treatment and disposal includes the collection, stabilization, and subsequent disposal of the solids removed by other ______.

Wastewater treatment methods are classified into physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and ______ unit processes.

Preliminary treatment includes screening, the first operation performed on incoming wastewater for the purpose of removing materials that might damage equipment or hinder further ______.

Screening devices are used to remove coarse solids from wastewater, which consist of sticks, rags, boards, and other large objects that find their way to the wastewater collection ______.

Optimum range of dissolved oxygen for aerobic processes is 1.5 – 2.5 mg/L

Dissolved oxygen levels of 5-6 can lead to undesirable ______ and filamentous bulking in the sludge, a condition known as over-aeration.

Operational and wastewater characteristic factors can cause filamentous bulking in secondary clarifiers.

Operational causes of non-filamentous organisms include over-aeration and the presence of ______.

Various cures and techniques can be employed to address issues such as adjusting ______ and DO levels, dosing with H2O2, and pre-treating wastewater.

Aeration techniques include the use of air diffusers and ______, each with its unique advantages and limitations.

Wastewater ponds and lagoons are used for natural purification processes, with ______ often referred to as polishing or tertiary ponds.

Attached growth systems, such as ______ and biotowers, are populated by a variety of organisms and are effective in treating wastewater.

Trickling filters utilize randomly ______ and are simple with low operating costs but may have odor and clogging problems.

Biotowers use ______ in a vertical arrangement and are suitable for higher porosity and low weight.

The success of an ______ is often dependent on the performance of the final clarifier.

The presence of oxygen in ponds is primarily provided by ______, and lagoons are distinguished from ponds by artificial aeration to provide oxygen.

Biological wastewater treatment involves the use of microorganisms to convert organics in wastewater into ______ or biomass.

The rate of biomass production and food utilization in biological treatment is affected by factors such as temperature, pH, toxins, salt concentration, oxidants, and ______.

Microorganisms involved in biological treatment require a gradual adjustment to a wide range of environmental factors and may be irreparably damaged by sudden ______.

The design of biological systems for wastewater treatment requires knowledge of biological principles, kinetics of metabolism, mass balance principles, and ______ operations.

The two types of biological growth/culture used in wastewater treatment are suspended cultures/growth and ______ growth.

Design parameters/operational parameters in the activated sludge process include F/M ratio, MLSS, MCRT/SRT, and ______, which affect treatment efficiency and waste activated sludge production.

The F/M ratio in biological treatment measures organic loading and affects aeration period and treatment efficiency, with low ratios resulting in high treatment efficiency and little waste activated ______.

MLSS represents the suspended solids in the reactor and is useful in the determination of F/M, sometimes expressed in terms of suspended ______.

The MCRT/SRT represents the average time in which microorganisms or solids stay in the reactor, and HRT represents the average time in which the liquid remains in the ______.

Wastewater treatment systems such as activated sludge, ponds, and lagoons utilize suspended cultures/growth, with variations such as step aeration, tapered aeration, contact stabilization, pure oxygen activated sludge, oxidation ditch, high rate, and extended ______.

The microorganisms involved in biological treatment are the same as those in natural freshwater systems but are carefully controlled in engineered reactors to optimize organic ______.

Biological treatment of wastewater requires a wide variety of organisms or a mixed culture due to the wide variety of ______ present in wastewater.

Fine ______ consist of woven wire or cloth perforated plates and should be mechanically cleaned on a continuous basis.

Mechanically-cleaned bar ______ have bar racks 3 to 4 inches apart, while manually-cleaned bar ______ require good flow distribution and velocity control.

Disposal methods for ______ include hauling to disposal areas, burial on the plant site, incineration, disposal with municipal solid wastes, and grinding and returning to the wastewater flow.

Comminution involves shredding ______ to approximately 8 mm in size using devices like a hammermill or a barminutor.

Grit ______ is essential to separate non-biodegradable solids from organic suspended solids, and it includes channel-type horizontal-flow grit chambers, aerated grit chambers, and vortex-type grit chambers.

Grit ______ protect mechanical equipment, reduce heavy deposits, and minimize the frequency of digester cleaning.

Parshall ______ and Palmer-Bowlus ______ are commonly used for flow measurement in wastewater treatment.

Primary ______ involves sedimentation, which separates suspended particles from water through gravitational settling in sedimentation basins or tanks.

Factors affecting sedimentation tank ______ include the type of solids, age of wastewater, rate of solids flow, cleanliness, and mechanical condition of the tank.

______ achieves removal efficiency for settleable solids (90-95%), suspended solids (50-65%), BOD (20-35%), and colloidal solids (not removed unless coagulants are added).

Flow distribution in sedimentation ______ is managed by inlet structures to evenly distribute the flow and prevent short circuiting.

Secondary ______ involves the biological conversion of dissolved and colloidal organics into biomass, which can be subsequently removed by sedimentation.

Study Notes

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Mechanically-cleaned bar have bar racks 3 to 4 inches apart, while manually-cleaned bar require good flow distribution and velocity control.

Parshall and Palmer-Bowlus are commonly used for flow measurement in wastewater treatment.