Waste Water Management Basics

Study Notes

Water is essential for drinking, cleaning, bathing, and washing clothes.
Tap water is sourced primarily from rivers, lakes, or underground wells but is often contaminated before treatment.
Potable water refers to clean water that is safe for drinking.

Sewage comprises garbage, human waste, and used water from cleaning, washing, and bathing.
Contains organic impurities (e.g., food waste, detergents) and inorganic impurities (e.g., nitrates, metals).
Microorganisms in sewage can lead to diseases like typhoid, cholera, and dysentery.

Sewage treatment is conducted in Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) or Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP).
Key stages in the treatment process include:
- Screening: Removal of large objects using bar screens.
- Grit and Sand Removal: Heavy particles settle in designated tanks.
- Sedimentation: Solids like sludge settle to the bottom; grease and oil float up.
- Aeration: Aerobic bacteria digest organic matter; pollutants are converted to carbon dioxide.
- Disinfection: Chlorine or ozone is used to kill remaining harmful microorganisms before release.

Water pollution originates from improper disposal of hazardous materials and nonbiodegradable waste.
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and improper waste disposal can lead to contaminating local water bodies.
Contaminated water can cause significant health risks, including waterborne diseases.

Practicing responsible waste disposal at home can significantly reduce water pollution risks.
Use manure or compost in gardens instead of chemical fertilizers to maintain soil and water health.
Avoid throwing plastic and other waste into water bodies, particularly during large events.

Potable Water: Water that is safe for drinking.
Sewage: Used water mixed with waste from homes and industries containing contaminants.
Biogas: A mixture of gases produced during the decomposition of organic matter, valuable as a fuel.

Active citizenship is crucial in addressing local pollution issues; community engagement can lead to improved sanitation and maintenance.
Individuals can advocate for better waste management practices in public spaces and during events.

Maintain water storage tanks and control lawn irrigation to prevent excess runoff.
Promote community clean-up initiatives to keep public spaces free from waste.
Educate others on the importance of proper waste disposal and the impact of water pollution.