99 Questions
What is the primary objective of the LGU source reduction component?
To reduce the amount of waste generated
What is one of the strategies to reduce waste generation mentioned in the text?
Replacing disposable materials with reusable ones
What should the LGU take into account when implementing waste reduction activities?
Local capability, economic viability, technical requirements, social concerns, and environmental impact
What should the recycling component include, according to the text?
A program and implementation schedule, among other things
What is one of the methods mentioned in the text to develop markets for recycled materials?
Evaluating the feasibility of procurement preferences
What is the purpose of determining categories of solid wastes to be diverted from disposal?
To reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed of
What is one of the components mentioned in the text that should be included in the waste reduction plan?
Source reduction, recycling, and composting
What is a possible incentive that LGUs may provide to encourage the purchase of recycled products?
Granting a price preference
What is one of the components of the special waste in the solid waste management plan?
Existing waste handling and disposal practices for special wastes or household hazardous wastes
What should the funding component of the solid waste management plan include?
Identification and description of project costs, revenues, and revenue sources
Why should the plan indicate how the province, city or municipality intends to generate funds for the acquisition of its resource requirements?
To serve as basis for the determination and assessment of incentives
What is the purpose of identifying specific projects or component activities of the plan that may be offered as private sector investment activity?
To promote public-private partnerships
What should the plan indicate regarding resource requirements?
The specific uses for its resource requirements and indicate its costs
What is the purpose of indicating how the province, city or municipality intends to generate funds for the acquisition of its resource requirements?
To serve as basis for the determination and assessment of incentives
What is the purpose of promoting the participation of the private sector in the management of solid wastes?
To promote the development of essential technologies for solid waste management
What is one of the things that the plan should indicate regarding resource requirements?
If certain resource requirements are being or will be sourced from fees, grants, donations, local funding and other means
What is the purpose of the measures to be established by the Commission and the National Ecology Center?
To develop the local market for recyclable materials
What type of assistance may be provided to privately-owned facilities for the establishment of manufacturing finished products from post-consumer materials?
Economic incentives and assistance, including loans and grants
What is the purpose of maintaining a list of prospective buyers?
To review and make any necessary changes in collecting or processing the materials to improve their marketability
What is the advantage of establishing facilities to produce goods from post-consumer and recovered materials within local government units?
To conserve energy by reducing materials transportation
What is the purpose of long-term contracts to purchase a substantial share of the product output of a proposed facility?
To encourage the establishment of new facilities to produce goods from post-consumer and recovered materials
Where will the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) be established?
In a barangay-owned or -leased land or any suitable open space
What is the purpose of the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)?
To receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling
What is prohibited in public places?
Littering, throwing, or dumping of waste matters
What activity is prohibited in flood prone areas?
Open dumping or burying of biodegradable materials
What is prohibited in the context of recyclable materials?
The mixing of source-separated recyclable materials with other waste
What is prohibited in the context of waste management facilities?
The construction of waste management facilities without an Environmental Compliance Certificate
What is prohibited in terms of packaging materials?
The use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials
What is prohibited in the context of waste disposal?
The construction of landfills on watershed areas
What is prohibited in the context of waste collection?
The collection of non-segregated wastes
What is prohibited in the context of establishment construction?
The construction of establishments within 200 meters from open dumps
What information must the operator provide to the Department and local health agency in writing?
Names, addresses, and telephone number of the operator or responsible party
Why must an attendant be present at a disposal site open to the public?
To prevent traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards
What is the purpose of confining the unloading of solid wastes to a small area?
To prevent traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards
How should solid waste be deposited at the disposal site?
At the toe of the fill, or as otherwise approved by the Department
What is the purpose of spreading and compacting solid waste in layers?
To minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction
Why must the covered surfaces of the disposal area be graded?
To promote lateral runoff of precipitation and prevent pounding
What is the maximum depth of the loose layer before compaction?
Two feet
What should be done with cover material or native material unsuitable for cover?
It should be placed so as not to cause problems or interfere with operations
The government sector in the Commission is represented by 10 agencies.
False
The private sector is represented by 3 representatives from NGOs, recycling industry, and manufacturing or packaging industry.
True
The Secretaries of the member agencies of the Commission serve as vice chairmen.
False
The representatives from the NGOs, recycling and manufacturing or packaging industries are appointed by the Commission.
False
The term of office of the private sector representatives is 2 years.
False
The Commission may call on any other concerned agencies or sectors as it may deem necessary.
True
The Secretary of the DENR is the chairman of the Commission.
False
The private sector representatives of the Commission are appointed based on their age and experience.
False
A facility which converts manure into useful products is included in the term.
False
Waste diversion activities reduce the amount of solid waste sent to disposal facilities.
True
White goods are small appliances such as toasters and blenders.
False
The National Solid Waste Management Commission has 12 members from the government sector and 2 members from the private sector.
False
Yard waste includes wood, small or chipped branches, and vegetable residue.
True
The National Solid Waste Management Commission is under the Office of the President.
True
The Commission has 10 members from the private sector.
False
Waste diversion is the process of sending waste to disposal facilities.
False
The waste characterization component of the local waste management plan identifies the constituent materials that comprise the solid waste generated within the jurisdiction of the LGU by material type only.
False
The plan shall ensure that a 100% collection efficiency from residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sources is achieved within the entire LGU's jurisdiction.
False
The barangay is responsible for ensuring that the collection and transfer of solid waste from source or collection points to processing sites or final disposal sites is achieved.
False
One of the strategies to be undertaken by the barangay is the provision of properly designed containers or receptacles in all areas within the jurisdiction.
False
The plan shall define and identify the specific strategies and activities to be undertaken by the LGU, taking into account the geographic subdivisions.
False
The issuance and enforcement of ordinances are not necessary to effectively implement a collection system in the barangay.
False
The plan shall take into account the geographic subdivisions to define the coverage of the solid waste collection area in every LGU.
False
The provision of properly trained officers and workers is not necessary to handle solid waste disposal.
False
Each local government unit shall establish a Materials Recovery Facility in every province.
False
The Commission, together with the National Ecology Center, shall establish procedures to market recyclable materials and develop the local market for recycled goods.
True
The DTI is not involved in establishing procedures to market recyclable materials and develop the local market for recycled goods.
False
The local government unit may arrange for long-term contracts to purchase a percentage of the product output of a proposed facility.
True
The Materials Recovery Facility shall receive only segregated waste for final sorting and recycling.
False
The barangay or cluster of barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the Materials Recovery Facility.
True
The Department of Finance is not involved in establishing procedures to market recyclable materials and develop the local market for recycled goods.
False
Guarantees by the national and local governments to purchase a percentage of the output of the facility is one of the measures to provide economic incentives and assistance.
True
LGUs, enterprises, or private entities, including NGOs, are not eligible for tax incentives under this Act.
False
Imported machinery and equipment for solid waste management are exempt from tax and duty for up to 5 years.
False
The Board of Investment (BOI) is responsible for approving the importation of machinery and equipment for solid waste management.
True
The sale or transfer of imported machinery and equipment for solid waste management is allowed without prior approval from the BOI.
False
LGUs, enterprises, or private entities are eligible for tax incentives even if they import machinery and equipment that is domestically available.
False
The Act provides incentives only to LGUs and private entities, but not to NGOs.
False
The Act provides tax incentives for the importation of vehicles and spare parts for solid waste management.
True
The Act only provides incentives for solid waste management projects that are undertaken by LGUs and private entities, but not by NGOs.
False
Each site operator shall maintain the following minimum operating ______ including records of weights or volumes accepted.
equipments
Records of excavations which may affect the safe and proper operation of the site or cause ______ to adjoining properties;
damage
Daily log book or file of the following information: fires, landslides, earthquake damage, unusual and sudden settlement, injury and property ______, accidents, explosions, receipts or rejection of unpermitted wastes, flooding and other unusual occurrences;
damage
Signs must be posted at each point of access from a public road, indicating the facility ______ and other pertinent information as required by the Department;
name
If the site is open to the public, there shall be an easily visible sign at the primary entrance of the site indicating the ______ of the site operator, the operator's telephone number, and hours of operation;
name
The site shall be designed to discourage unauthorized access by persons and vehicles by using a ______ barrier or topographic constraints.
perimeter
Monitoring of quality of ______, ground and effluent waters, and gas emissions;
surface
Records of personnel ______ shall be maintained;
training
Documentation of approvals, determinations and other requirements by the ______ shall be maintained;
Department
Copy of written notification to the ______, local health agency, and fire authority of names, addresses and telephone numbers of the operator or responsible party of the site;
Department
Match the following solid waste management practices with their purposes:
Confining unloading of solid wastes to a small area = To accommodate the number of vehicles using the area without resulting in traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards Spreading and compacting solid waste in layers = To minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = To promote lateral runoff of precipitation and prevent ponding Stockpiling cover material or native material unsuitable for cover = To prevent problems or interference with unloading, spreading, compacting, access, safety, drainage, or other operations
Match the following guidelines with their requirements:
Notifying the Department and local health agency = Providing names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the operator or responsible party Having an attendant present during public operating hours = At a disposal site open to the public Establishing grades of sufficient slopes = To account for future settlement of the fill surface Unloading solid wastes at the toe of the fill = Unless otherwise approved by the Department
Match the following solid waste management activities with their descriptions:
Spreading solid waste in layers = To minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = To prevent ponding and promote lateral runoff of precipitation Compacting solid waste = To maximize compaction and minimize voids within the cell Stockpiling cover material or native material unsuitable for cover = To prevent problems or interference with unloading, spreading, compacting, access, safety, drainage, or other operations
Match the following solid waste management practices with their effects:
Confining unloading of solid wastes to a small area = Reducing traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards Spreading and compacting solid waste in layers = Minimizing voids within the cell and maximizing compaction Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = Preventing ponding and promoting lateral runoff of precipitation Unloading solid wastes at the toe of the fill = Unless otherwise approved by the Department
Match the following solid waste management guidelines with their purposes:
Having an attendant present during public operating hours = To ensure public safety at a disposal site open to the public Establishing grades of sufficient slopes = To account for future settlement of the fill surface Spreading and compacting solid waste in layers = To minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction Notifying the Department and local health agency = To provide names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the operator or responsible party
Match the following solid waste management activities with their requirements:
Unloading solid wastes at the toe of the fill = Unless otherwise approved by the Department Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = To prevent ponding and promote lateral runoff of precipitation Stockpiling cover material or native material unsuitable for cover = To prevent problems or interference with unloading, spreading, compacting, access, safety, drainage, or other operations Spreading solid waste in layers = To minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction
Match the following solid waste management guidelines with their purposes:
Notifying the Department and local health agency = To provide names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the operator or responsible party Having an attendant present during public operating hours = To ensure public safety at a disposal site open to the public Establishing grades of sufficient slopes = To account for future settlement of the fill surface Confining unloading of solid wastes to a small area = To accommodate the number of vehicles using the area without resulting in traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards
Match the following solid waste management practices with their descriptions:
Spreading and compacting solid waste in layers = To minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = To prevent ponding and promote lateral runoff of precipitation Unloading solid wastes at the toe of the fill = Unless otherwise approved by the Department Stockpiling cover material or native material unsuitable for cover = To prevent problems or interference with unloading, spreading, compacting, access, safety, drainage, or other operations
Match the following solid waste management activities with their effects:
Confining unloading of solid wastes to a small area = Reducing traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards Spreading and compacting solid waste in layers = Minimizing voids within the cell and maximizing compaction Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = Preventing ponding and promoting lateral runoff of precipitation Having an attendant present during public operating hours = Ensuring public safety at a disposal site open to the public
Match the following solid waste management guidelines with their requirements:
Unloading solid wastes at the toe of the fill = Unless otherwise approved by the Department Stockpiling cover material or native material unsuitable for cover = To prevent problems or interference with unloading, spreading, compacting, access, safety, drainage, or other operations Grading covered surfaces of the disposal area = To prevent ponding and promote lateral runoff of precipitation Notifying the Department and local health agency = To provide names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the operator or responsible party
Study Notes
LGU Solid Waste Management Plan
- The plan shall include the evaluation and identification of rate structures and fees to reduce waste generation and implement source reduction strategies.
- Source reduction strategies may include programs and economic incentives to reduce the use of non-recyclable materials, increase the efficiency of material use, and reduce packaging.
- The plan shall consider local capability, economic viability, technical requirements, social concerns, and environmental impact.
Recycling Component
- The recycling component shall describe the types of materials to be recycled, methods for determining categories of solid waste to be diverted from disposal, and new facilities and expansions needed to implement the recycling component.
- The plan shall also describe methods for developing markets for recycled materials, including the evaluation of procurement preferences for recycled products.
Special Waste Component
- The special waste component shall include existing waste handling and disposal practices for special wastes or household hazardous wastes, and identification of current and proposed programs to ensure proper handling, reuse, and long-term disposal.
Funding Component
- The funding component shall identify project costs, revenues, and revenue sources to implement the LGU solid waste management plan.
- The plan shall indicate specific projects, activities, equipment, and technological requirements for which outside sourcing of funds or materials may be necessary.
- The plan shall also describe how the province, city, or municipality intends to generate funds for resource requirements.
Privatization of Solid Waste Management Projects
- The plan shall indicate specific measures to promote private sector participation in solid waste management, particularly in generating and developing essential technologies.
- The plan shall identify specific projects or component activities that may be offered as private sector investment opportunities.
Recycling Market Development
- The Commission, National Ecology Center, DTI, and Department of Finance shall establish procedures, standards, and strategies to market recyclable materials and develop the local market for recycled goods.
- Economic incentives and assistance, including loans and grants, shall be provided to establish privately-owned facilities to manufacture finished products from post-consumer materials.
- Guarantees by national and local governments to purchase a percentage of the facility's output shall be provided.
Establishment of LGU Materials Recovery Facility
- A Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) shall be established in every barangay or cluster of barangays.
- The MRF shall receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling.
- The operator shall notify the Department and local health agency of the operator's details.
Disposal Site Requirements
- Any disposal site open to the public shall have an attendant present during public operating hours or be inspected by the operator on a regularly scheduled basis.
- Unloading of solid waste shall be confined to a small area to accommodate the number of vehicles using the area without resulting in traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards.
- Waste materials shall be deposited at the toe of the fill, or as otherwise approved by the Department.
- Solid waste shall be spread and compacted in layers to minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction.
- Covered surfaces of the disposal area shall be graded to promote lateral runoff of precipitation and prevent ponding.
Prohibited Acts
- The following acts are prohibited: littering, throwing, or dumping of waste in public places, open burning of solid waste, and unauthorized removal of recyclable materials.
- Other prohibited acts include the collection of non-segregated or unsorted wastes, squatting in open dumps and landfills, and the manufacturing, distribution, or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials.
Waste Management Terms
- Waste diversion refers to activities that reduce or eliminate solid waste from waste disposal facilities
- White goods include worn-out or broken household, commercial, and industrial appliances like stoves, refrigerators, and clothes washers and dryers
- Yard waste includes wood, small or chipped branches, leaves, grass clippings, garden debris, and vegetable residue
National Solid Waste Management Commission
- The Commission is established under the Office of the President
- It is composed of 14 government sector members and 3 private sector members
- Members include heads of agencies like DENR, DILG, DOST, DPWH, DOH, DTI, DA, MMDA, and TESDA
- Private sector members include representatives from NGOs, recycling industry, and manufacturing or packaging industry
- The Commission may call on other agencies or sectors as needed
Waste Characterization
- Identifies constituent materials that comprise solid waste generated within a local government unit's jurisdiction
- Information is representative of solid waste generated and disposed of within the area
- Materials are identified by volume, percentage in weight or volumetric equivalent, material type, and source of generation
Collection and Transfer
- The plan takes into account geographic subdivisions to define solid waste collection areas in every barangay
- The barangay is responsible for ensuring 100% collection efficiency from residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sources
- Strategies and activities include:
- Provision of properly designed containers or receptacles
- Segregation of solid waste for re-use, recycling, and composting
- Hauling and transfer of solid waste to processing sites or final disposal sites
- Issuance and enforcement of ordinances to implement a collection system
- Provision of trained officers and workers for solid waste disposal
Recycling Market Development
- The Commission, National Ecology Center, DTI, and Department of Finance establish procedures, standards, and strategies to market recyclable materials
- Incentives include:
- Economic incentives and assistance for establishing privately-owned facilities to manufacture finished products from post-consumer materials
- Government guarantees to purchase a percentage of the facility's output
- Maintaining a list of prospective buyers and improving material marketability
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
- Established in every barangay or cluster of barangays
- The facility receives mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling
- The barangay allocates a certain parcel of land for the MRF
Incentives
- Fiscal incentives are provided to encourage effective solid waste management
- Tax incentives include:
- Tax and duty exemption on imported capital equipment and vehicles
- Compliance with E.O. 226 (Omnibus Investments Code)
- Importation of machinery, equipment, vehicles, and spare parts must comply with certain conditions
Solid Waste Management
- The term "solid waste" does not include waste identified or listed as hazardous waste, infectious waste from hospitals, and waste resulting from mining activities.
Solid Waste Management Facility
- Refers to any resource recovery system or component, system, program, or facility for resource conservation, or facility for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste.
Source Reduction and Source Separation
- Source reduction: reducing solid waste before it enters the solid waste stream by methods such as product design, materials substitution, materials re-use, and packaging restrictions.
- Source separation: sorting of solid waste into some or all of its component parts at the point of generation.
Special Wastes
- Include household hazardous wastes such as paints, thinners, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray canisters, and bulky wastes, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes, batteries, oil, and tires.
Storage and Transfer Stations
- Storage: interim containment of solid wastes after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal.
- Transfer stations: facilities utilized to receive solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process the materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles for transport.
Recycling
- Refers to the program and implementation schedule which shows the methods by which the LGU shall, in combination with source reduction and composting components, reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed of in accordance with the diversion requirements.
Criteria for Establishment of Sanitary Landfills
- Minimum criteria for the establishment of sanitary landfills include:
- Liners: a system of clay layers and/or geosynthetic membranes used to contain leachate and reduce or prevent contaminant flow to groundwater.
- Leachate collection and treatment system.
- Gas control and recovery system.
- Groundwater monitoring well system.
- Cover: two forms of cover consisting of soil and geosynthetic materials to protect the waste from long-term contact with the environment.
- Closure procedure with the objectives of establishing low maintenance cover systems and final cover that minimizes the infiltration of precipitation into the waste.
- Post-closure care procedure.
Operating Criteria for Sanitary Landfills
- Minimum operating equipment includes:
- Disposal site records.
- Water quality monitoring of surface and ground waters and effluent, and gas emissions.
- Documentation of approvals, determinations, and other requirements by the Department.
- Signs indicating facility name, operator information, and hours of operation.
- Monitoring of quality of surface, ground, and effluent waters, and gas emissions.
- The site shall be designed to discourage unauthorized access by persons and vehicles.
Solid Waste Management Definitions
- Contaminated liquid refers to a liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials.
- Materials recovery facility includes a solid waste transfer station, sorting station, drop-off center, composting facility, and recycling facility.
- Municipal waste refers to a combination of domestic, commercial, institutional, and industrial wastes, and street litters produced within local government units.
- Open dump refers to a disposal area where solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due planning and consideration for environmental and health standards.
- Opportunity to recycle refers to the act of providing a place for collecting source-separated recyclable materials, and collection at least once a month of source-separated recyclable materials from collection service customers.
- Post-consumer material refers to materials or products generated by a business or consumer that have served their intended end use, and which have been separated or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed, and used as a raw material in the manufacturing of recycled products.
- Receptacles refer to individual containers used for the source separation and collection of recyclable materials.
- Recovered material refers to material and by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed, and used as a raw material in the manufacture of a recycled product.
- Recyclable material refers to any waste material retrieved from the waste stream and free from contamination that can still be converted into suitable beneficial use or for other purposes.
- Recycled material refers to post-consumer material that has been recycled and returned to the economy.
- Recycling refers to the treating of used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes.
Solid Waste Management Plan
- The plan shall include a city or municipal profile, indicating the estimated population of each barangay within the city or municipality and population project for a 10-year period.
- The plan shall also include an illustration or map of the city/municipality, indicating locations of residential, commercial, and industrial centers, and agricultural areas, as well as dump, landfills, and other solid waste facilities.
- The plan shall include an estimated solid waste generation and projection by source, such as residential, market, commercial, industrial, construction/demolition, street waste, agricultural, agro-industrial, institutional, and other waste.
- The plan shall also include an inventory of existing waste disposal and other solid waste facilities and capacities.
Recycling Component
- The recycling component shall include a program and implementation schedule which shows the methods by which the LGU shall, in combination with source reduction and composting components, reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed of in accordance with the diversion requirements set in Sec.20.
- The LGU recycling component shall describe the types of materials to be recycled under the programs.
- The LGU recycling component shall describe the methods for determining the categories of solid wastes to be diverted from disposal at a disposal facility through recycling.
- The LGU recycling component shall describe new facilities and expansion of existing facilities needed to implement the recycling component.
Disposal Site Requirements
- Any disposal site open to the public shall have an attendant present during public operating hours or the site shall be inspected by the operator on a regularly scheduled basis.
- Unloading of solid wastes shall be confined to a small area as possible to accommodate the number of vehicles using the area without resulting in traffic, personnel, or public safety hazards.
- Waste materials shall normally be deposited at the toe of the fill, or as otherwise approved by the Department.
- Solid waste shall be spread and compacted in layers with repeated passages of the landfill equipment to minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction.
- Covered surfaces of the disposal area shall be graded to promote lateral runoff of precipitation and to prevent ponding.
- Grades shall be established of sufficient slopes to account for future settlement of the fill surface.
- Other effective maintenance methods may be allowed by the Department.
This quiz covers the regulations and requirements for waste management, including notification, attendant presence, and unloading of solid wastes. It is essential for operators to comply with these regulations.
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