Warp Knitting Basics and History

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic distinguishes warp knitting from weft knitting?

  • Warp knitting is done exclusively by hand.
  • Warp knitting produces thicker fabrics than weft knitting.
  • Warp knitting uses parallel rows of loops. (correct)
  • Warp knitting requires only one type of yarn.

Which of the following statements about warp knitted fabrics is true?

  • The loops are larger than those in double knitted fabrics.
  • They are typically thicker than double knitted fabrics.
  • Most warp knitted fabrics form a clean and balanced loop on the surface. (correct)
  • They are produced in a single course rather than multiple courses.

How is the fabric formed in warp knitting?

  • Yarns are woven together in horizontal rows.
  • Yarns are knitted course by course in a circular pattern.
  • Yarns are interlocked with no specific pattern.
  • Yarns are knitted simultaneously on adjacent needles course by course. (correct)

What is a common difference in appearance between the technical face and back of warp knitted fabrics?

<p>They often exhibit structural differences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of machine is primarily used for warp knitting?

<p>Open width or flat knitting machines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What machine speed was attained with the compiled guide bars and bearded needles?

<p>200 rpm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the loop formation in warp knitting?

<p>Loops are formed vertically upward. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many yarn ends may be fed to the needles in weft knitting?

<p>One yarn end (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of warp knitted fabric compared to weft knitted fabric?

<p>Dimensional stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of warp knitting, what happens to all the needles?

<p>They are supplied with a yarn. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'wales' refer to in the context of knitting?

<p>The vertical columns of loops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect distinguishes warp knitting from weft knitting in terms of structure?

<p>Warp knitting requires simultaneous action of all needles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What modification can improve the structure of warp knitted fabric?

<p>Weft insertion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of stitches in warp knitting?

<p>Each needle loop has its own thread. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inventor is credited with laying the foundations for mechanical warp knitting technology?

<p>William Lee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'laps' in warp knitting?

<p>Floats that appear at an angle on the fabric. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does warp knitting differ from traditional weft knitting in terms of yarn feeding?

<p>Warp knitting requires multiple yarn sources for each stitch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of stability do warp knitted fabrics exhibit compared to woven fabrics?

<p>They have greater dimensional stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is associated with the warp beam in warp knitting?

<p>It contains a large number of parallel yarns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of output, how many stitches can a modern warp knitting machine produce per minute?

<p>4,700,000 stitches per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fabric can warp knitting produce?

<p>Flat or tubular fabrics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Warp Knitting

A loop-forming process of weft-knit using machines where yarns are fed parallel to the fabric's selvedge.

Warp Knitting Machines

Machines used for warp knitting; they use warp beams for yarn supply.

Warp Beam

A beam containing many parallel yarns, similar to a weaving loom.

Laps/Under Laps

Floats (stitches) visible on the back of warp knitted fabric at slight angles.

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William Lee

A person credited with the early patent for a knitting machine.

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Karl Mayer

A person associated with building the first warp knitting loom.

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Warp Knitted Fabrics

Fabrics made through warp knitting; they have consistent stability and varieties of patterns.

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Modern Warp Knitting Machine Speed

A modern machine can produce fabric as wide as 168 inches in rate of 1,000 courses per minute.

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Weft knitted fabric

Fabric produced using weft knitting, characterized by horizontal loop structures.

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Dimensional stability

A fabric's ability to maintain its size and shape.

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Warp knitting speed

The rate at which warp knitting machines produce fabric, often measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

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Knitting machine

A machine that intermeshes loops to form fabric.

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Loop formation in knitting

The process of forming connected loops that make up the fabric structure, either vertically (warp) or horizontally (weft).

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Warp Knit Fabric Thickness

Thinner than double knit fabrics, individual yarn loops form a small zigzag pattern.

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Warp Knit Fabric Appearance

Usually has a clean, balanced loop surface (technical face and back may differ).

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Study Notes

Warp Knitting Basics

  • Warp knitting is a loop-forming process where yarn is fed parallel to the fabric selvedge.
  • The process differs from weft knitting, with each needle having its own thread, creating one warp for one wale.
  • Warp yarn is fed from a warp beam, similar to a loom. Multiple warps may be used for complex designs.
  • Warp knitting machines can produce flat or tubular fabric in various patterns.
  • Modern warp knitting machines are highly efficient, capable of high production speeds and wide fabric widths, up to 168 inches.

History and Technology

  • William Lee patented the first machine for knitted articles in 1589.
  • Karl Mayer demonstrated a warp knitting loom in 1947, marking a significant technical advancement with higher speed and two guide bars with bearded needles (200 rpm).
  • Warp knitting machines have evolved significantly, influencing the technical era of textile production.
  • Crucial elements: two guide bars, bearded needles, and loop formation (warp-wise).

Fabric Structure and Characteristics

  • Warp knitted loop formation produces stitches arranged vertically but at a slight angle on the fabric face and horizontally (floats).
  • Loops appear horizontally on the fabric back. This characteristic (floats) distinguishes warp knits.
  • Warp knit fabrics are known for dimensional stability, comparable to woven fabrics.
  • Warp knitted fabrics are available in different types like: Tricot, Raschel knits etc.

Loop Formation

  • In warp knitting, each needle is supplied with a single or multiple yarns, and needles knit simultaneously to produce an entire course at once.
  • Loop formation is warp-wise (vertically).
  • The inter-locking loops create a zigzag pattern and are knitted course by course, forming the fabric.
  • The needles loop the warp yarns, which interlock with adjacent loops, creating the fabric.

Advantages of Warp Knit Fabric

  • Dimensional stability: Generally more stable than weft knitted fabrics.
  • Tightness: Fabric is tight and loops are small, giving a clean surface.
  • Appearance: Nice, clean and balanced loop appearance, usually distinct front and back surfaces.

Disadvantages of Warp Knit Fabric

  • Raw material: Not all yarns are suitable for warp knitting. Filament yarns with high strength and a smooth surface are ideal.
  • Yarn count: Usually requires fine yarn counts (50-70 deniers) for optimal results.
  • Small orders: Machines are usually designed for mass production, making them less ideal for small-order projects or frequent design changes.
  • Maintenance: Requires more frequent maintenance.
  • Yarn unroving: Yarn cannot be unroved from the fabric edges.

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