War and Alliances in Ancient Greece
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary modification made to triremes for naval warfare?

  • The removal of masts (correct)
  • The installation of larger sails
  • Reinforcement of the hull
  • Addition of more rowers
  • What was the maximum speed a trireme could reach in naval combat?

  • 5 knots
  • 12 knots
  • 9 knots (correct)
  • 15 knots
  • What term describes a purely defensive alliance among poleis?

  • Delian League
  • Polis League
  • Epimachia (correct)
  • Symmachia
  • Which two leagues were involved in the Peloponnesian War?

    <p>Delian League and Peloponnesian League (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the terms of peace for Athens after its surrender to Sparta?

    <p>Joining the Peloponnesian League (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the primary resources exploitable by a household in ancient Greece?

    <p>People and property (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ancient Greek noble culture, what was typically believed about men's and women's labor?

    <p>Men's labor was outside the house, women's labor was inside (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of labor were often associated with women in ancient Greece?

    <p>Childcare, food preparation, and textile crafting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which materials were women in ancient Greece known to work with in creating textiles?

    <p>Wool and thread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key characteristic of how enslaved persons were regarded in ancient Greek households?

    <p>They were treated as chattel property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which agricultural activities were women most likely to work alongside men?

    <p>Harvesting and fieldwork (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was often a result for the wealthiest Greek households in terms of enslaved labor?

    <p>They could enjoy leisure due to having many enslaved persons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical feature was common in the layout of an ancient Greek house?

    <p>A central courtyard with a colonnade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a koinon primarily characterized by?

    <p>A political union with common military and governance structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two key koina were prominent during the Hellenistic Period?

    <p>Achaean koinon and Aetolian koinon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the 'common peace' treaty (koinē eirēnē)?

    <p>To guarantee autonomy for each polis and collective action against threats. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient Greek body functioned similarly to a modern organization like the United Nations?

    <p>The Amphictyonic League. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the practice of proxenia in ancient Greece?

    <p>Designating a citizen to represent the interests of another polis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Amphictyonic League fail to foster peace among its member-poleis?

    <p>It lacked enforcement powers and was often ignored by member states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key elements did members of a koinon commonly share?

    <p>Political structures, armies, and administrative functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major limitation of Greek diplomacy compared to modern practices?

    <p>Absence of permanent embassies or ambassadors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary requirement for citizenship in most Greek poleis?

    <p>Owning land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the minimum size of a farm required to achieve self-sufficiency in ancient Greece?

    <p>5 hectares (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crops were considered core products in ancient Greek agriculture?

    <p>Wheat, grapes, and olives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did wealthier households in ancient Greece differ from the general population?

    <p>They engaged in specialized businesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did surplus agricultural production play in urban centers during the Archaic and Classical Periods?

    <p>It contributed to the growth of specialized merchants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common experience regarding meat consumption among most Greeks?

    <p>Meat eating was reserved for sacrifices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agricultural products were sponsored by major Greek gods?

    <p>Wheat, grapes, and olives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were urban homes in Greece typically associated with?

    <p>Shops facing the street (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Trireme

    An ancient Greek warship propelled by rowers and sails, capable of high speed.

    Epimachia

    A purely defensive alliance among Greek city-states.

    Symmachia

    A universal alliance where members engage in offensive actions together.

    Delian League

    A major naval alliance led by Athens during the classical period.

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    Battle of Chaeronea

    A decisive battle in 338 B.C. where Macedon defeated the Greek alliance.

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    Koinon

    A federation that represents a deeper political union among member states.

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    Federal Army

    A military force jointly supported by members of a koinon.

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    Key Koina

    Two notable federations during the Hellenistic Period: the Achaean and Aetolian koina.

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    Common Peace (koinē eirēnē)

    A treaty aimed at maintaining the autonomy of all city-states.

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    Amphictyonic League

    An ancient Greek league responsible for protecting Delphi and its sanctuary.

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    Proxenia

    A practice in which a citizen represents the interests of a polis in another polis.

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    Polis Autonomy

    The independence of individual city-states within alliances and treaties.

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    Common Magistrates

    Officials shared by members of a koinon for judicial and legislative functions.

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    Household Economy

    The management of income and expenses within a household, primarily in ancient Greece.

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    Roles of Women

    In ancient Greece, women typically managed domestic tasks like childcare and textile production, despite societal expectations.

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    Enslaved Persons

    Enslaved individuals viewed as property, crucial to household labor in ancient Greek society.

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    Work Distribution

    Men's labor was primarily external, while women’s work centered around household activities.

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    Textile Production

    Women's labor in creating textiles, involving stages like carding wool, spinning, and weaving.

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    Court and Colonnade

    Central parts of an ancient Greek house, with a courtyard surrounded by a portico.

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    Peasant Labor

    Most women also worked in fields alongside men, especially during busy agricultural times.

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    Leisure for Citizens

    Only the wealthiest Greek households could afford leisure for men, as they had sufficient enslaved labor.

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    Citizenship in Greek Poleis

    Ownership of land was a requirement for citizenship in most Greek city-states.

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    Minimum Farm Size

    A farm needed at least 5 hectares to be self-sufficient in Ancient Greece.

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    Core Agricultural Products

    Cereals, grapes, and olives were the main crops in Greek agriculture.

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    Diet of Ancient Greeks

    Greeks mainly consumed grains, legumes, and occasionally meat during sacrifices.

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    Wealthy Household Enterprises

    Wealthy households could run non-agricultural businesses like ceramics and metallurgy.

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    Urban Trade Flourishing

    Excess agricultural production led to growth in urban trade and specialized merchants.

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    Infrastructure for Trade

    Harbours, inns, and banks supported the movement of goods over long distances.

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    Study Notes

    War and the Citizen-Soldier

    • Triremes could travel long distances slowly using sails.
    • In naval warfare, masts were removed, and rowers propelled the ships at high speed (9 knots).
    • The trireme rammed into enemy ships at the waterline.
    • Modern warships have a maximum speed of 30 knots.

    Alliances and Federations

    • A polis' survival depended on alliances.

    • Epimachia was a purely defensive alliance.

    • Symmachia was a universal alliance with offensive actions.

    • Important symmachiai were the Delian League and Peloponnesian League.

    • Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC): Athens surrendered to Sparta, losing its navy and walls.

    • Anti-Spartan League of Thebes, Corinth, and Athens was ineffective against Macedon.

    • Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC): Greek alliance was defeated by Macedon.

    • Koinon—a more integrated form of cooperation, called a federation, with shared political elements.

    • Achaean koinon—included the Peloponnese.

    • Aetolian koinon—formed north of the Gulf of Corinth.

    • Common Peace (koinē eirēnē) treaty proposed in the 4th century BC.

    • This treaty supported polis autonomy and required adherence to the treaty.

    Diplomacy

    • Amphictyonic League—a group of poleis protecting the sanctuary at Delphi.
    • The league was not effective in fostering peace.
    • Proxenia—a practice where a polis designated a friendly citizen of another polis to represent its interests.

    Household Economies

    • Households were the most significant economic unit.

    • Households managed labour, income, and expenses.

    • Property included the house, farmland, and people (free and enslaved).

    • Households aimed for self-sufficiency.

    • Households produced food, clothing, and goods for their needs.

    • Farmers cultivated cereals, grapes, olives, beans, and lentils.

    • Livestock included cows, goats, and pigs.

    • Women's labor primarily occurred inside the household.

    • Enslaved persons were treated as chattel(movable property).

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of naval warfare and the crucial alliances that shaped the fate of city-states in ancient Greece. This quiz covers the strategic use of triremes, the significance of various league formations, and key historical events like the Peloponnesian War. Test your knowledge on the intricate relationships and military tactics of the time.

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