Walking Alone at Night Scenario Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism behind the lethargy and sedation seen due to decreased norepinephrine release in brain neurons?

  • Enhanced epinephrine activity
  • Increased tyramine production
  • Decreased dopamine release
  • Methyldopa metabolism (correct)
  • Which compound can lead to hypertension in patients taking MAO inhibitors due to its interaction with the sympathetic response system?

  • Dopamine
  • Tyrosine
  • Tyramine (correct)
  • Epinephrine
  • Which medication should be avoided in patients with a history of narcolepsy due to its potential to exacerbate excessive sleeping?

  • Nifedipine
  • Labetalol
  • Methyldopa (correct)
  • Hydralazine
  • What is the primary side effect associated with alpha-2 agonists used in the management of various conditions?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a healthcare provider inquire about illicit drug use, especially prior use of amphetamine analogs, when prescribing isoproterenol or dobutamine?

    <p>To prevent cardiac complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using bethanechol or other cholinergic agonists in patients with bladder outlet obstruction?

    <p>To increase bladder contraction and improve urine flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Myasthenia Gravis, which type of acetylcholine receptors are primarily affected?

    <p>Nicotinic muscular (Nm) receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the use of indirect-acting cholinergic agonists in the treatment of Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>To increase the concentration of acetylcholine and improve muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is edrophonium not used as a treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Edrophonium is too short-acting to be a suitable treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main mechanisms used to decrease intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma?

    <p>Decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Myasthenia Gravis that results from the damage to the nicotinic muscular (Nm) receptors?

    <p>Ptosis (heavy eyelids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a parasympathetic response?

    <p>Watery secretions like tears and saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Vasoconstriction of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the sympathetic response is correct?

    <p>All of the above are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the urination that occurs during fear or anxiety?

    <p>The limbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is responsible for vasodilation in skeletal muscles during the fight-or-flight response?

    <p>Beta-2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the urinary system?

    <p>Contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of phenylephrine on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of epinephrine makes it suitable for managing shock due to anaphylaxis?

    <p>General vasoconstrictor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is low-dose epinephrine preferred in the treatment of cardiac arrest?

    <p>It predominantly affects the alpha-1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can result from the use of local anesthetics like lidocaine with epinephrine?

    <p>Rebound congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does phenylephrine differ from pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine?

    <p>It has lesser vasoconstriction effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does concentrated epinephrine have on blood pressure?

    <p>Increases blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter targeted by anticholinergics to reduce acid secretion in the stomach?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs blocks muscarinic receptors to treat overactive bladder?

    <p>Antimuscarinics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to increase sympathetic effect in patients with an overactive bladder?

    <p>Oxybutynin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter needs to be decreased in order to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ganglionic blockers like hexamethonium rarely used now?

    <p>Lack of selectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of drugs blocks histamine to decrease acid secretion in the stomach?

    <p>H2 blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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