Emergency Anaesthesia
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an important requirement for emergency anesthesia?

  • Analgesia
  • IVFT (correct)
  • Iv access
  • Oxygenation

Which drug should NOT be administered to a horse with GDV (gastric dilatation-volvulus)?

  • Fentanyl
  • Methadone
  • Pethidine
  • Buprenorphine (correct)

What is the recommended induction agent for emergency anesthesia?

  • Fentanyl
  • Alfaxalone
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Propofol (correct)

What is the purpose of elevating the head during anesthesia?

<p>To prevent regurgitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter(s) should be monitored during emergency anesthesia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of oxygenation during emergency anesthesia?

<p>Reduces the incidence of VPCs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug(s) are recommended for extreme pain during anesthesia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of personnel in the success of emergency anesthesia?

<p>Preparation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of opioids are recommended for extreme pain during anesthesia?

<p>Pure mu opioids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of decompression during anesthesia?

<p>To prevent regurgitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key step in preparing for a small animal emergency?

<p>Undertaking basic diagnostics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stabilizing and supporting the patient during a period of stabilization in a small animal emergency?

<p>To make a treatment plan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is important when providing analgesia in a small animal emergency?

<p>Calm the animal if they are in pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In emergency cases, what is rarely required for anesthesia?

<p>Using alpha-2 agonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can greatly improve the chances of success in anesthesia for cases of pneumothorax or pyothorax?

<p>Removing the fluid or air prior to anesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In some cases, what may be more important than anesthetizing the patient in a small animal emergency?

<p>Stabilizing the patient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pre-oxygenating and preparing laryngeoscopes, IV access, and fluids in anesthesia induction?

<p>To reduce the incidents of complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the safety of induction drugs in anesthesia?

<p>Some induction drug combinations are safer than others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of being ready to induce anesthesia immediately in a small animal emergency?

<p>To make a treatment plan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can algorithms and checklists in small animal emergencies help with?

<p>Saving time and ensuring important steps are not missed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of drugs is considered the safest option for anesthesia during an emergency C-section?

<p>Benzodiazepine plus opioid plus induction agent IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeline for dealing with an emergency C-section?

<p>Prepare in advance, pre-medication, place IV cannula, pre-oxygenate, induce anesthesia, monitor the patient, start fluid therapy, monitor animal in recovery, pain score the patient, discharge with nonsteroidal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we avoid using benzodiazepines in pregnant animals during anesthesia?

<p>Benzodiazepines can cause significant depression of the neonates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid therapy rate for an animal undergoing an emergency C-section?

<p>10 to 20 mil per kilogram per hour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a local anesthetic line block during a C-section?

<p>To provide analgesia postoperatively and during the operation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we avoid using nitrous oxide in C-sections?

<p>Because it can cause diffusion hyperoxia in the offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended anesthesia agent for an animal in an emergency C-section situation?

<p>Isoflurane or Sevoflurane in oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication associated with gastric dilation with or without volvulus (GDV) in dogs?

<p>Massive reduction in venous return (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in stabilizing a dog with GDV?

<p>Put in large intravenous lines to administer fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended pre-medication for an emergency C-section?

<p>Opioid, buprenorphine or methadone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended step in preparing for a small animal emergency?

<p>Performing advanced diagnostics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing analgesia in a small animal emergency?

<p>To calm the animal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended approach for anesthesia induction in a small animal emergency?

<p>Administering alpha-2 agonists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can greatly improve the chances of success in anesthesia for cases of pneumothorax or pyothorax?

<p>Removing the fluid or air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to be ready to induce anesthesia immediately in a small animal emergency?

<p>To save time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended combination of induction drugs for anesthesia in a small animal emergency?

<p>Benzodiazepines and opioids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug should NOT be administered to a horse with gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV)?

<p>Buprenorphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of decompression during anesthesia?

<p>To prevent regurgitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of oxygenation during emergency anesthesia?

<p>To improve oxygenation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of elevating the head during anesthesia?

<p>To prevent regurgitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we avoid using nitrous oxide in C-sections?

<p>It increases the risk of regurgitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is important when providing analgesia in a small animal emergency?

<p>Administering pure mu opioids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter(s) should be monitored during emergency anesthesia?

<p>Blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pre-oxygenating and preparing laryngoscopes, IV access, and fluids in anesthesia induction?

<p>To improve oxygenation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended combination for safe anesthesia in small animal emergencies?

<p>Alpha two agonist plus acepromazine plus propofol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended anesthesia agent for emergency situations in small animals?

<p>Alphaxalone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeline for dealing with an emergency C-section?

<ol> <li>Prepare in advance, 2. Pre-medication, 3. Place IV cannula, 4. Pre-oxygenate and induce anesthesia, 5. Induce anesthesia and monitor, 6. Perform C-section, 7. Monitor patient in recovery, 8. Start fluid therapy, 9. Monitor animal in recovery, 10. Pain score the patient, 11. Discharge with nonsteroidal. (A)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid therapy rate for an animal undergoing an emergency C-section?

<p>10 to 20 ml per kilogram per hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we avoid using nitrous oxide in C-sections?

<p>It can lead to diffusion hyperoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a local anesthetic line block during a C-section?

<p>To help with post-operative analgesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IVFT in Emergency Anesthesia

IV fluid therapy is not essential for emergency anesthesia, as it is often associated with fluid overload.

Buprenorphine and GDV

Buprenorphine is a strong opioid that can cause respiratory depression and should be avoided in GDV cases due to the risk of vomiting.

Recommended Induction Agent for Emergency Anesthesia

Propofol is a commonly used induction agent for emergency anesthesia due to its rapid onset and short duration of action.

Purpose of Head Elevation during Anesthesia

Elevating the head during anesthesia helps prevent regurgitation and aspiration by keeping the airway above the stomach.

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Monitoring Parameters during Emergency Anesthesia

Continuous monitoring of vital signs during emergency anesthesia is critical to identify and manage any complications.

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Role of Oxygenation in Emergency Anesthesia

Adequate oxygenation during emergency anesthesia is crucial for reducing the risk of ventricular premature contractions (VPCs).

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Opioids for Extreme Pain during Anesthesia

Pure mu opioids, such as fentanyl or morphine, are the most effective analgesics for managing extreme pain during anesthesia.

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Purpose of Decompression during Anesthesia

Decompression during anesthesia involves relieving pressure in the stomach, usually by inserting a tube, to prevent regurgitation.

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Key Step in Preparing for a Small Animal Emergency

Performing basic diagnostics, such as obtaining a history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests, is essential for assessing the severity of the emergency and guiding treatment.

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Purpose of Stabilization and Support in a Small Animal Emergency

Stabilizing and supporting the patient allows for a more accurate assessment of the situation, leading to a more effective treatment plan.

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Importance of Analgesia in a Small Animal Emergency

Providing analgesia during a small animal emergency helps calm the animal, reducing stress and improving cooperation for treatment.

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Use of Alpha-2 Agonists in Emergency Anesthesia

Alpha-2 agonists are rarely required for anesthesia during emergencies, as their use carries risks of bradycardia and hypotension.

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Improving Anesthesia Success in Pneumothorax or Pyothorax

Removing fluid or air from the chest cavity in cases of pneumothorax or pyothorax significantly improves the chances of successful anesthesia.

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Primacy of Stabilization over Anesthesia

In certain emergencies, saving the patient's life may be more immediate and crucial than inducing anesthesia.

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Importance of Pre-Induction Preparation in Anesthesia

Pre-oxygenating and preparing equipment, such as laryngoscopes, IV access, and fluids, before induction helps reduce the risk of complications during anesthesia.

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Safety of Induction Drugs in Anesthesia

The safety of induction drugs depends on the specific drug combination used, as some combinations carry higher risks.

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Importance of Immediate Induction in Emergency Anesthesia

Being ready to induce anesthesia immediately in an emergency situation is crucial for minimizing delays and maximizing the chances of survival.

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Role of Algorithms and Checklists in Small Animal Emergencies

Algorithms and checklists in emergency cases help streamline the process, ensuring that important steps are not overlooked and time is saved.

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Safest Drug Combination for Emergency C-Section Anesthesia

A combination of benzodiazepine, opioid, and induction agent IV is generally considered the safest option during an emergency C-section.

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Timeline for an Emergency C-Section

A planned approach to an emergency C-section involves pre-medication, IV cannulation, pre-oxygenation, induction, monitoring vital signs, starting fluid therapy, and monitoring recovery.

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Avoidance of Benzodiazepines in Pregnant Animals during Anesthesia

Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, can cause significant depression in neonates, potentially leading to respiratory issues.

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Fluid Therapy Rate for Emergency C-Section

A fluid therapy rate of 10 to 20 ml per kilogram per hour is recommended for animals undergoing an emergency C-section to maintain hydration and support blood pressure.

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Purpose of Local Anesthetic Line Block during C-Section

Local anesthetic line blocks provide postoperative analgesia as well as during the surgery, minimizing pain and improving recovery for the mother.

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Avoidance of Nitrous Oxide in C-Sections

Nitrous oxide can cause diffusion hyperoxia in offspring, potentially leading to respiratory complications.

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Recommended Anesthesia Agent for Emergency C-Section

Isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen are the recommended anesthesia agents for emergency C-sections due to their rapid onset, short duration of action, and minimal cardiovascular effects.

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Potential Complications of GDV in Dogs

Gastric dilation with or without volvulus (GDV) can lead to massive reduction in venous return, resulting in circulatory shock.

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First Step in Stabilizing a Dog with GDV

Placing large intravenous lines to administer fluids is the first crucial step to stabilize a dog with GDV, correcting dehydration and supporting blood pressure.

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Recommended Pre-medication for Emergency C-section

Opioids, such as buprenorphine or methadone, are recommended for pre-medication in emergency C-sections to provide pain relief and sedation.

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