Developmental Theories
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Questions and Answers

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, how is consciousness linked?

  • Consciousness is linked to individual experiences
  • Consciousness is linked to physical environment
  • Consciousness is linked to genetics
  • Consciousness is linked to language (correct)

    • What is the main principle behind language acquisition in Vygotsky's theory?

  • Language is innate and not learned
  • Language has no relation to cognitive abilities
  • Language is external and internalized as we grow (correct)
  • Language has a negative impact on cognitive development

    • In Vygotsky's theory, what does 'scaffolding' refer to?

  • A process of simplifying tasks without assistance
  • A way to make tasks more complex for learners
  • A method to isolate children from culture
  • Assistance provided to help learners complete tasks (correct)

    • How does Vygotsky view the role of culture in a child's development?

    <p>Culture is involved in the organization of thinking and setting boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky, why do children not learn on their own?

    <p>They need assistance from caregivers, schools, or siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the zone of actual development from the zone of potential development according to Vygotsky?

    <p>The zone of potential development is what a child can do independently, while the actual zone is with assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does language influence cognitive abilities according to Vygotsky's theory?

    <p>Language helps organize thinking and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Zone of proximity' in Vygotsky's theory refers to:

    <p>The difference between actual and potential development levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, a child goes through development on their own without any external influence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Vygotsky's theory, language acquisition is an internal process that does not involve external factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vygotsky's principle of scaffolding involves simplifying the task for the learner to complete it without any assistance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky, learning assistance for children can come from sources like caregivers, schools, and siblings.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, social learning involves internalizing culture as part of individual development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key criticism of ecocultural theories mentioned in the text?

    <p>They are heavily influenced by Eurocentric/Americocentric views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are cultural changes typically associated with contact in the context of culture and environment adaptation?

    <p>Lead to the assimilation of new cultural elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do ecocultural theories demonstrate a bias according to the text?

    <p>They stem from specific cultural viewpoints like Eurocentrism/Americocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do people constantly adapt to boundaries in the context of culture and environment?

    <p>By adjusting behaviors and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary relationship between natural resources and culture as discussed in the text?

    <p>The interaction with natural resources influences cultural development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ecocultural Theory Framework propose about human differences?

    <p>Human differences are individual adaptations to context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a Population adaptation according to the Ecocultural Theory Framework?

    <p>Having food intolerances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Transmission variable according to the Ecocultural Theory Framework?

    <p>The process of learning about culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aculturation impact behaviors according to the Ecocultural Theory Framework?

    <p>Influencing behaviors and inferred characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major critique of the Original Ecocultural Theory Framework mentioned in the text?

    <p>It is not designed to study human development processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Ecocultural Theory Framework according to the text?

    <p>Collective and individual adaptations to context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Biological adaptations differ from Cultural adaptations in the context of the Ecocultural Theory Framework?

    <p>Biological adaptations focus on genetic traits, while Cultural adaptations focus on learned behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Transmission variables play in the Ecocultural Theory Framework?

    <p>Affecting the transfer of cultural and ecological knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aculturation impact individual characteristics according to the Ecocultural Theory Framework?

    <p>It shapes expectations and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Ecocultural Theory Framework, what is one way in which Population adaptations are influenced?

    <p>Through governmental policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biological adaptations play a more significant role than Cultural adaptations in the Ecocultural Theory Framework.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aculturation is a type of Genetic transmission variable according to the Original Ecocultural Theory Framework.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Ecocultural Theory Framework, Population adaptations do not include adjustments in behaviors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ecological context mentioned in the Original Ecocultural Theory Framework refers to one's social surroundings only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transmission variables in the Ecocultural Theory Framework focus solely on Genetic transmissions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory, which system is responsible for the most direct interactions where individuals have an active role?

    <p>Microsystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do interactions in the mesosystem differ from those in the exosystem in Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory?

    <p>Mesosystem relates to interactions between micro- and other contexts, while exosystem involves links between social settings where individuals have a passive role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the ecological systems outlined by Bronfenbrenner's theory?

    <p>Teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chronosystem impact human development according to Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory?

    <p>It structures environmental events and socio-historical contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of human development does culture primarily influence according to Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory?

    <p>Ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory, the microsystem includes interactions with peers, biology, and weather conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesosystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory focuses on interactions between the macro- and exosystem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exosystem in Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory refers to social settings where individuals have an active role.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture, ethnicity, and ideologies fall under the mesosystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory primarily focuses on current environmental events rather than socio-historical contexts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Developmental Niche Framework suggest that culture influences child development?

    <p>By emphasizing the importance of physical and social settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Developmental Niche Framework, which of the following is true about child rearing customs and practices?

    <p>They play a role in shaping child development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do interacting subsystems like physical and social settings play in the Developmental Niche Framework?

    <p>They are crucial for child development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Developmental Niche Framework, how do caregivers contribute to a child's development?

    <p>By passing down cultural adaptations through social learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of biological disposition in child development within the Developmental Niche Framework?

    <p>It affects the developmental process alongside culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do interacting subsystems like physical and social settings influence child development in the Developmental Niche Framework?

    <p>By shaping the child's sleeping arrangements and disciplinary methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of culture in child development according to Bronfenbrenner's Ecology System Theory?

    <p>To shape customs and practices of child rearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Developmental Niche Framework, how do customs and practices of child rearing contribute to child development?

    <p>By providing structure and guidance to the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the influence of customs and practices of child rearing on development in the Developmental Niche Framework?

    <p>They shape the child's adaptation to cultural norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do customs and practices of child rearing differ from the psychology of caregivers in influencing child development according to the Developmental Niche Framework?

    <p>They guide the child's behavior within a cultural context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social ontogenesis according to Nsamenang?

    <p>The social ecology in which development occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social priming, what characterizes Western cultures' approach to parenting according to Nsamenang's research?

    <p>Heavy emphasis on gentle parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Ceremony of the naming play in child development according to Nsamenang?

    <p>Instilling family values in the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Nsamenang suggest children adapt to family eco-culture in the phase of social apprenticing?

    <p>By internalizing cultural norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Nsamenang's view, what is the purpose of using the child's full name when they do something wrong?

    <p>To remind the child of their family ties and identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nsamenang, what is the significance of feeling irritated when someone misspells or mispronounces a name?

    <p>It highlights the value attached to the name itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Nsamenang's research, what role do rewards and consequences play in social apprenticing?

    <p>They help children internalize family values and norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nsamenang, the actual name of someone does not hold any value in shaping a child's development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social priming in family eco-culture emphasizes harsh consequences for rule-breaking in all cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In social apprenticing, children do not receive rewards for following family values.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nsamenang, Western cultures place high emphasis on consequences in parenting practices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Developmental Niche Framework suggests that social ontogenesis occurs independently of social interactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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