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Questions and Answers
What are the steps to draw a Lewis Structure for a molecule?
What are the steps to draw a Lewis Structure for a molecule?
What type of electron pair has more spatial occupancy in a molecular structure?
What type of electron pair has more spatial occupancy in a molecular structure?
Which statement correctly describes VSEPR theory?
Which statement correctly describes VSEPR theory?
What is true regarding bonding pairs and lone pairs in a molecule?
What is true regarding bonding pairs and lone pairs in a molecule?
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What best explains why the shape of a molecule is significant?
What best explains why the shape of a molecule is significant?
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Which of the following statements about electron pairs is accurate?
Which of the following statements about electron pairs is accurate?
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What is one of the key distinctions between ionic and covalent bonding?
What is one of the key distinctions between ionic and covalent bonding?
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What does VSEPR stand for?
What does VSEPR stand for?
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Which type of repulsion is considered the strongest according to VSEPR theory?
Which type of repulsion is considered the strongest according to VSEPR theory?
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What is the bond angle in a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
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In determining the VSEPR shape of a molecule, what is the first step?
In determining the VSEPR shape of a molecule, what is the first step?
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Which molecular shape corresponds to a central atom with only 2 bonding pairs?
Which molecular shape corresponds to a central atom with only 2 bonding pairs?
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If a central atom is surrounded by four bonding pairs, what shape does it take according to VSEPR?
If a central atom is surrounded by four bonding pairs, what shape does it take according to VSEPR?
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How should double bonds be counted when determining the electron domains in a molecule?
How should double bonds be counted when determining the electron domains in a molecule?
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In a molecule with a central atom having three bonding pairs, what structure is formed?
In a molecule with a central atom having three bonding pairs, what structure is formed?
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What shape do atoms form when arranged in a triangular bipyramidal configuration?
What shape do atoms form when arranged in a triangular bipyramidal configuration?
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What is the bond angle between the atoms in the base of the triangular bipyramidal molecule?
What is the bond angle between the atoms in the base of the triangular bipyramidal molecule?
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Which type of bond occurs when there is an equal sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms?
Which type of bond occurs when there is an equal sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms?
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In molecules with 6 pairs of bonding pairs, what geometric shape is formed?
In molecules with 6 pairs of bonding pairs, what geometric shape is formed?
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What is the maximum electronegativity difference that characterizes polar covalent bonds?
What is the maximum electronegativity difference that characterizes polar covalent bonds?
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What is the bond angle in a molecule shaped like a tetrahedron when there are only 2 bonding pairs?
What is the bond angle in a molecule shaped like a tetrahedron when there are only 2 bonding pairs?
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Which of the following molecules is an example of a nonpolar molecule due to symmetrical cancellation of dipoles?
Which of the following molecules is an example of a nonpolar molecule due to symmetrical cancellation of dipoles?
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Which element has the highest electronegativity based on the given content?
Which element has the highest electronegativity based on the given content?
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Which of the following best describes a polar molecule?
Which of the following best describes a polar molecule?
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Which of the following statements about electronegativity is true?
Which of the following statements about electronegativity is true?
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What shape is adapted by a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 non-bonding pairs of electrons?
What shape is adapted by a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 non-bonding pairs of electrons?
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In which scenario would a polar covalent bond most likely be formed?
In which scenario would a polar covalent bond most likely be formed?
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Which of the following pairs of atoms is NOT likely to form a nonpolar covalent bond?
Which of the following pairs of atoms is NOT likely to form a nonpolar covalent bond?
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How does the bond angle change with each pair of non-bonding electrons?
How does the bond angle change with each pair of non-bonding electrons?
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What type of bond exists between the chlorine atom and carbon in the Cl-C bond?
What type of bond exists between the chlorine atom and carbon in the Cl-C bond?
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Which of the following molecules would be classified as polar due to its shape?
Which of the following molecules would be classified as polar due to its shape?
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Study Notes
VSEPR Theory
- VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
- The theory explains the shapes of molecules
- Molecule shapes are determined by the repulsion between valence electron pairs
- Electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs) repel each other, trying to get as far apart as possible
- Shapes are predicted based on the number of bonding and lone pairs around the central atom
Steps to Determine VSEPR Shape
- Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule
- Determine the central atom (the least electronegative)
- Determine the number of bonding pairs
- Determine the number of lone pairs
- Consult the VSEPR chart to find the shape
Molecules with Incomplete Octet
- Molecules with 2 bonding pairs are linear with a bond angle of 180°
- Molecules with 3 bonding pairs are triangular (trigonal planar) with bond angles of 120°
- Examples include BeF₂ and BF₃
Molecules with Four Bonding Pairs
- If the central atom has four bonding pairs, the shape is tetrahedral with a bond angle of 109.5°
- Example: CCI₄
Molecules with Five Bonding Pairs
- With five bonding pairs, the shape is trigonal bipyramidal
- Bond angles are 120° and 90°
- Example: PF₅
Molecules with Six Bonding Pairs
- With six bonding pairs, the shape is octahedral
- Bond angles are all 90°
- Example: SF₆
Molecules with Two Bonding Pairs and Two Non-bonding Pairs
- Shape is bent or V-shaped with a bond angle of 104.5°
- Example: H₂O
Polarity of Molecules
-
Nonpolar molecules:
- All bonds are nonpolar, or
- Polar bonds (dipoles) cancel each other out.
- Examples include H₂, Cl₂, CH₄
-
Polar molecules:
- Dipoles do not cancel.
- Shape of the molecule (bent, trigonal pyramidal) determines if dipoles cancel.
- Examples include HCl, H₂O, NH₃
Electronegativity
- Indicates the attraction of an atom for shared electrons
- Increases from left to right across a period on the periodic table
- High for nonmetals (with fluorine being the highest)
- Low for metals
Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
-
Nonpolar covalent bonds:
- Occurs between nonmetals
- Equal or almost equal sharing of electrons
- Difference in electronegativity is less than 0.4
-
Polar covalent bonds:
- Unequal sharing of electrons
- Difference in electronegativity is between 0.4 and 1.7
-
Ionic bonds:
- Electron transfer
- Difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7
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Description
Explore the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and how it predicts molecular shapes. This quiz provides key steps to determine the geometry of molecules, including examples and shapes based on bonding and lone pairs. Perfect for students looking to grasp molecule structure concepts.