Questions and Answers
What does VSEPR stand for?
What is the basic fact that determines molecular shapes?
Electron pairs repel each other
What is the electron geometry of NH3 (ammonia)?
Tetrahedral
Under what condition is the electronic arrangement the same as the molecular shape?
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What is the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH3)?
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Why is the bond angle of H2O less than the tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5 degrees?
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What arrangement of atoms occurs when the central atom is covalently bonded to five other atoms without nonbonding electrons?
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All non-polar molecules have non-polar bonds.
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Which molecular geometry is possible with 0, 3, or 4 lone pairs?
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What is the electronic geometry of SF6?
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What is the molecular geometry of SF6?
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Is SF6 polar?
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How many lone pairs are on the central atom in SF6?
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What is the electronic geometry of HCN?
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What is the molecular geometry of HCN?
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Is HCN polar?
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How many total lone pairs are present in HCN?
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What is the electronic geometry of SCl4?
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What is the molecular geometry of SCl4?
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Is SCl4 polar?
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How many lone pairs are on the central atom/total lone pairs in SCl4?
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What is the electronegativity of hydrogen?
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Predict the bond angle for a 3-atom molecule A-B-A where B has only four valence electrons.
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What is the molecular geometry of COCl2?
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What is the molecular geometry of the ion NO2-?
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What is the electronic and molecular geometry of IF4-?
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Is IF4- non-polar?
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How many other atoms can a central atom that is sp3 hybridized bind to?
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Study Notes
VSEPR Theory
- VSEPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsion.
- Molecular shapes are determined by the repulsion between electron pairs.
Molecular Geometry
- Ammonia (NH3) has a tetrahedral electron geometry.
- Ammonia's molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal due to one lone pair on the central atom.
- Without lone pairs on the central atom, electronic arrangement equals molecular shape.
Bond Angles
- The bond angle in H2O is less than 109.5 degrees due to stronger repulsion from lone pairs compared to bonding pairs.
- A 3-atom molecule (A-B-A) with B having four valence electrons will result in a bond angle of 180 degrees.
Central Atom Hybridization
- A central atom covalently bonded to five atoms without nonbonding electrons exhibits a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement.
- An sp3 hybridized central atom can bind to four other atoms.
Molecular Structures and Polarity
- SF6 has octahedral electronic and molecular geometry; it is nonpolar.
- HCN has linear geometry and is polar.
- SCl4 has a trigonal bipyramidal electronic geometry and seesaw molecular geometry; it is polar.
- IF4 has octahedral electronic geometry and square planar molecular geometry; it is nonpolar.
- Not all nonpolar molecules consist of nonpolar bonds.
Electron Pairs in Molecules
- Total lone pairs in molecules varies; for SF6, there are 0 central lone pairs and 18 total, and for SCl4, there is 1 central lone pair and 3 total.
- COCl2 has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.
- The ion NO2- has a bent or angular molecular geometry.
Electronegativity
- The electronegativity of hydrogen (H) is roughly equal to that of carbon (C).
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Description
Test your understanding of VSEPR theory, molecular geometry, and bond angles. This quiz covers topics like hybridization, bond angles in different molecular structures, and the shape of molecules based on electron repulsion. See how much you know about the spatial arrangement of molecules!
