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CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM (q and a) 3.0

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CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM (q and a) 3.0

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Questions and Answers

High extracellular concentration opens the voltage-gated sodium channels

False

Low extracellular concentration closes voltage-gated sodium channels

False

Entering cells through gated calcium channels causes depolarization

True

Depolarization membrane has smaller charge difference while Hyperpolarization has a larger charge difference

True Signup and view all the answers

Three major categories of axons: Type A – myelinated (sensory and skeletal motor neurons) Type B – lightly myelinated (ANS) Type C – unmyelinated (ANS)

True Signup and view all the answers

Membrane potential and flow of current occurs only at the bare areas called nodes of Han river.

False Signup and view all the answers

is a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector organ?

synapse Signup and view all the answers

Neuronal Pathways and Summation

Spatial summation = many presynaptic terminals are usually stimulated at the same time Diverging pathway = The axon from one neuron divides and synapses w/ more than one other neuron Temporal summation = Successive discharges from a single presynaptic terminal Converging pathway = 2 or more neurons synapse w/ the same neuron Signup and view all the answers

Refractory Period.

the area becomes less sensitive to further stimulation.

action potential = At the end of repolarization, the charge on the cell membrane briefly becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarization). Potassium ions = Increased in extracellular concentration decreases the concentration gradient Absolute = Complete insensitivity Relative = A strong stimulus or stronger than threshold can initiate another action potential during this period Signup and view all the answers

Action Potential Chracteristics = Can propagate, or travel, across the plasma membrane Graded Potential = They vary in size depending on the strength of the stimulus. Sodium ions = As sodium ions diffuse into the cell the inside becomes more positive Chloride ions = Inside of the cell becomes negative with entry of chloride ions, causing hyperpolarization. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ion Channels and Membrane Potential

High extracellular concentration of ions opens voltage-gated sodium channels
Low extracellular concentration of ions closes voltage-gated sodium channels
Influx of calcium ions through gated calcium channels causes depolarization
Depolarization results in a smaller charge difference across the membrane
Hyperpolarization results in a larger charge difference across the membrane

Axon Categories

Type A axons: myelinated, found in sensory and skeletal motor neurons
Type B axons: lightly myelinated, found in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Type C axons: unmyelinated, found in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Action Potential Propagation

Membrane potential and flow of current occur only at the bare areas called nodes of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier are the uninsulated regions of the axon where the action potential is generated and propagated

Synaptic Transmission

A synapse is a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector organ

Refractory Period

The refractory period is the period during which the axon becomes less sensitive to further stimulation

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Description

Test your knowledge on the effects of high extracellular concentration on the activation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Learn how these channels open in response to specific conditions.