Volleyball: History and Rules

About

• Mr. Alvin Jay M. Tugaoen, LPT is the instructor.
• Team sports involve one group or team competing against another in a competition.
• Members work together to achieve a common goal.
• Team Alvin is the name of the volleyball team

Origin of Volleyball

• Volleyball is played by two teams, typically with six players per side.
• Players use their hands to hit a ball back and forth over a high net.
• The objective is to make the ball touch the opponent's court before it can be returned.
• Volleyball began in 1895 at a YMCA club in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
• William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical director, invented it.
• Morgan wanted a less strenuous indoor game for businessmen.
• It was originally called Mintonette.
• A professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts, later named it Volleyball.
• Two teams play volleyball on a rectangular court divided in half by a net.

Objective and Rules

• The main goal is to make the ball touch the ground on the opponent's side.
• When a team is hit, the opposing team tries to prevent it from touching the ground.
• They have to send it to a teammate or the other side of the court.
• Only three players from a team can successively strike the ball before sending it over.
• Players are allowed to pass the ball among teammates, similar to basketball.
• Players try to aim the ball over the net to a spot that is hard for opponents to volley.
• Both teams must prevent the ball from touching the ground.
• Preventing the ball from touching the groud prevents the opponent from gaining points.

Evolution of Volleyball

• William G. Morgan developed volleyball after graduating from Springfield College in 1895.
• He became the physical director at the Holyoke YMCA.
• Basketball was strenuous for the older men who used the gymnasium's facilities.
• Mr. Morgan introduced his new game at a YMCA conference In 1896 in Springfield College named "mintonette".
• A net of 6 feet 6 inches was used.
• Dr. Alfred T. Halstead recommended the name be changed to volleyball.
• In 1912, rule changes made Volleyball popular in schools, colleges, playgrounds, and the armed forces.
• The United States Volleyball Association was founded in 1929.
• Volleyball was introduced to the Philippines by the YMCA in 1910.
• It became an Olympic sport in 1964 during the Tokyo Olympic Games.
• A volleyball team consists of six players, with up to six substitutes.
• One player is the team captain, and another is the Libero.
• Players are positioned in two rows of three.
• The Libero wears a different colored uniform.
• The Libero specializes in defense and cannot serve or move to the front court.

Regulating Body

• Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international governing body.
• It sets rules, appoints referees, organizes international tournaments, and conducts world championships.
• It was formed in Paris.
• Its headquarters is located in Mexico.
• The FIVB oversees volleyball and beach volleyball and conducts tournaments.
• Approximately 220 national volleyball organizations are members.
• The winners participate in international events.

Volleyball Equipment

• Volleyball is inexpensive, requiring minimal attire.
• Players typically wear rubber-soled shoes and knee pads.
• Volleyball is played in a rectangular court.
• The court is divided into two halves by a net stretched between two poles.
• A standard international court is rectangular with sides of 18 meters and ends of 9 meters.
• The surface should not be slippery or rough.
• International courts typically have wooden or synthetic flooring.

Key Features of a Volleyball Court

• Free Zone: The playing surface is surrounded by a free zone of 3 meters on all sides.
• International courts: The free zone is 5 meters from the longer sides and 8 meters from the shorter sides.
• Front Zone: Extends from the centerline to the attack line, 3 meters away from the centerline.
• Back Zone: The area between the attack line and the end line where back-row players positions themselves.
• Service Zone: Servicing the ball to the opponent, width is 9 meters, behind the end lines and while jumping or serving.
• Substitution Zone: Located between the scorer's table and the attack line.
• Libero Replacement Zone: On the side of team benches, between the extended attack line and the end line.

Equipment

• It is a simple game needing a all, net, and a flat court.
• Two players can play.

Ball

• It is spherical with a circumference of 65-67 cm.
• Weighs between 260-280 g.
• It is made of leather or synthetic material
• FIVB approved balls should be used for intl tournaments

Net

• Slightly longer than the court's width which is 32 feet/80 Meters.
• It is 36 inches in width top to bottom made up of nylon cord.
• It is made of heavy thread.
• Nets must extend at least one foot on each side of the court (32 feet).
• It has 4-inch-square mesh openings and a flexible cord/cable running through a 2-inch-wide band at the top.

The Posts (Net Supports)

• Must be located at least 19 ½ inches outside the sideline.
• They should be anchored securely.
• Support easily adjustable settings varying net height.
• The top is set at 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women.

The Antenna

• It is a vertical side marker attached to the net.
• Is above each side of boundary above the net.
• Extends upward assisting in determining whether the ball crossed within the court.
• It measures 1.8 meter
• It is connected on the side of the net at 80cm or 33 inches above net.
• A ball that has contacted the antennae is out of play.

Player Positions

Outside Hitter (aka OH, outside, pin, left side)

• This player hits and blocks from the left side of the court.
• The player passes and plays solid defense.
• The outside typically gets most sets, especially when the setter is out of system.
• The player hits from the front and back row.
• The player passes in serve receive
• The player plays left or middle-back defense, and blocks.

Opposite Hitter (aka OPP, pin, right side)

• This player hits behind the setter.
• The player has the option to play all the way around.
• The player is responsble for passing, playing defense, and hitting out of the back row.
• The playerr swings from the front and back row.
• This players plays right-back defense.
• This player is responsble for blocking the other team's outside hitter.

Middle Blocker (aka MB, middle hitter, middle)

• They hit mostly fast-tempo sets from the middle of the court.
• This player blocks well, is often replaced by the Libero.
• Middle sets are the most difficult to set and require good passes.

Setter (aka S)

• This player takes the second ball and sets it up for one of the hitters to attack.
• The setter is the decision maker of the team.
• Setters play defense and block when in the front row.
• They set the ball on the second contact to the hitters on the court.
• They direct the offense.
• They are the players who play right-back defense, and block the other team's outside hitter.

Libero Player (aka L)

• The Liberos wears a different color jersey and play in the back row
• Usually subbing in for both middle blockers.
• They are defensive and serve-receive specialists.
• This are the fastest players who change direction quickly.
• They can only overhand set a front-row attacker from behind the 10-foot line.
• The player comes in for another player, it does not count as a substitution

Defensive Specialists (aka DS)

• They are responsible for defense and receiving serve.
• They don't wear different colored jerseys.
• Are only in for three out of the six rotations.
• They abide by the normal substitution rules

Serving Specialist (aka SS)

• This player subs in to serve.
• The player has a tough or consistent serve.
• These players come in for other players.

Skill Progression

• As player's skills improve, standards and player expectations increase.
• Learning never stops and skill levels keep improving.
• Players continue to always experience more success.
• Volleyball requires basic expertise before excelling at the sport.

Skills and Techniques

• Blocking
• Spiking
• Serving
• Passing
• Setting
• Digging

Fundamental Skills Include

• Passing
• Setting
• Spiking
• Blocking
• Digging and Serving

The Pass or Passing

• This skill directs the served ball or is hit by the opposing team to a teammate.
• It is also known as the most important skilll of all.
• Is a solid volleyball pass.
• Allows forearm volleyball passes directs the ball in a controlled manner to a teammate.
• This skill provides for overhead passing.

Two Types of Passing

• Underhand Pass and Overhand Pass
• Underhand volleyball pass involves hitting the ball in a controlled manner to your teammate.
• The overhand pass involves hitting the ball using an overhand playing motion to direct the ball to your teammate.

The Set

• The setter makes it easier for teammate to make the ball over net for easier spike.
• It is the most important position
• The ball ready to be spiked is known as the setting motion.

The Spike

• Slamming the ball in downward motion which makes it difficult to return is known as spiking
• It is a real crowd-pleaser.
• Proper spiking accumulates more points more quickly.

Blocking

• It adds a great dimension to game, and keeps the team on toes.
• It is another essential important skill.
• Jumping up and blocking/deflecting to catch the opponent team by surprise.

The Dig

• Keeping the team safe from offensive spike/attack is digging.
• It is to keep the the ball from hitting the floor,
• Passing/diving/fluidity, is digging.
• It is still a needed skill, but isn't needed like passing, setting or spiking.

The Service

• This skill opens the play.
• Is determined via tossed coin and where the serving team has the advantage.
• The served ball intercepted will be returned to the serving team.
• The skill relies on accuracy, control and consistency making it very an important skill.

Underhand Serve

• It is the easiest/simplest form of service.
• A player who faces the net with the left foot has the foot in the right foot.
• The cupped hand is used for swinging backward which allows the hand to follow the ball through the direction.

Overhand Serve

• This is the most common and effective style.

Two Types of Overhand Serve

• The Floater and Topspin.
• It's launched from the shoulders and is made via ball toss of 2-3 feet.

Additional Notes on Service

• Underhand Serve:
  • It is the simplest form of service.
  • The player faces the net, left foot in front.
  • The cupped hand swings moving from backward to following with the ball through direction.
• Overhead Service
  • This is the most style is very effective.
• Floater
  • Contact the ball at its midpoint with ittle follot through.
• Topspin
  • Contact the ball not stiff, and bends so the seving lands the ball to the top 3rd.