Volcanoes and Volcanology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between magma and lava?

  • Magma only exists in volcanic eruptions, while lava exists in the Earth's mantle.
  • Magma is below the Earth's crust, while lava is above the Earth's crust. (correct)
  • Magma is a solid, while lava is a liquid material.
  • Magma cools quickly, while lava cools slowly.

What is the study of volcanoes and their eruptions called?

  • Volcanology (correct)
  • Seismology
  • Volcanography
  • Vulcanology

Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano based on the text?

  • Circular (correct)
  • Cinder
  • Shield
  • Composite

What determines the rate at which materials undergo chemical weathering?

<p>Their hardness and environment characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some forms of chemical processes involved in chemical weathering mentioned in the text?

<p>Acidification, carbonization, hydration, oxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three activity levels in which volcanoes can be classified?

<p>Active, dormant, extinct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which eruption types are mentioned in the text as associated with volcanoes?

<p>Icelandic, Strombolian, Hawaiian, Pelean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes volcanoes of different types like cinder, composite, shield and lava dome?

<p>Their composition and unique formation characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that contributes to the weathering of rocks caused by the action of living organisms?

<p>Action of a living organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of weathering is enhanced by geological agents such as water and oxygen?

<p>Chemical weathering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process behind Frost Weathering (ice wedging)?

<p>Water freezes and expands in rock cracks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which horizon in soil contains litter such as leaves and twigs on top of the A horizon?

<p>O horizon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of biology in soil formation in horizon A?

<p>Recycling nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the creation of different soil types?

<p>Parent material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic used to help identify which type of soil is present?

<p>Color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil horizon contains dissolved minerals leached from above?

<p>B horizon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary agent responsible for mass movement, such as landslides or creep?

<p>Gravity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sediment deposition involves rivers moving large amounts of sediment to create sandbars and natural levees?

<p>Alluvial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the water cycle does water change from liquid to gas?

<p>Evaporation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process within the water cycle involves water returning to the surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail?

<p>Precipitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between runoff and infiltration in the water cycle?

<p>Infiltration occurs before precipitation, while runoff occurs after. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deposition process involves sediments forming on the bottom of deep oceans and the creation of corals and deltas near shores?

<p>Marine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for carrying sediments in Aeolian deposition?

<p>Wind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of land erosion due to runoff?

<p>Runoff stripping away soil and depositing it downstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for water seeping into the ground during infiltration?

<p>Particles of soil blocking water movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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