Volcanoes and Volcanology Overview

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What is the relationship between magma and lava?

Magma only exists in volcanic eruptions, while lava exists in the Earth's mantle.

Magma is below the Earth's crust, while lava is above the Earth's crust. (correct)

Magma is a solid, while lava is a liquid material.

Magma cools quickly, while lava cools slowly.

What is the study of volcanoes and their eruptions called?

Volcanology (correct)

Seismology

Volcanography

Vulcanology

Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano based on the text?

Circular (correct)

Cinder

Shield

Composite

What determines the rate at which materials undergo chemical weathering?

Their hardness and environment characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What are some forms of chemical processes involved in chemical weathering mentioned in the text?

Acidification, carbonization, hydration, oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three activity levels in which volcanoes can be classified?

Active, dormant, extinct Signup and view all the answers

Which eruption types are mentioned in the text as associated with volcanoes?

Icelandic, Strombolian, Hawaiian, Pelean Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes volcanoes of different types like cinder, composite, shield and lava dome?

Their composition and unique formation characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that contributes to the weathering of rocks caused by the action of living organisms?

Action of a living organism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of weathering is enhanced by geological agents such as water and oxygen?

Chemical weathering Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process behind Frost Weathering (ice wedging)?

Water freezes and expands in rock cracks Signup and view all the answers

Which horizon in soil contains litter such as leaves and twigs on top of the A horizon?

O horizon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of biology in soil formation in horizon A?

Recycling nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the creation of different soil types?

Parent material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic used to help identify which type of soil is present?

Color Signup and view all the answers

Which soil horizon contains dissolved minerals leached from above?

B horizon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary agent responsible for mass movement, such as landslides or creep?

Gravity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sediment deposition involves rivers moving large amounts of sediment to create sandbars and natural levees?

Alluvial Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the water cycle does water change from liquid to gas?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Which process within the water cycle involves water returning to the surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail?

Precipitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between runoff and infiltration in the water cycle?

Infiltration occurs before precipitation, while runoff occurs after. Signup and view all the answers

Which deposition process involves sediments forming on the bottom of deep oceans and the creation of corals and deltas near shores?

Marine Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for carrying sediments in Aeolian deposition?

Wind Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of land erosion due to runoff?

Runoff stripping away soil and depositing it downstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for water seeping into the ground during infiltration?

Particles of soil blocking water movement Signup and view all the answers