Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which volcano is located on the Big Island in Hawaii and is known for its continuous eruptions?
Which volcano is located on the Big Island in Hawaii and is known for its continuous eruptions?
What is the critical element for determining whether an eruption is explosive or not?
What is the critical element for determining whether an eruption is explosive or not?
What is the difference between basaltic and felsic compositions?
What is the difference between basaltic and felsic compositions?
What happened to the people who didn't evacuate when Mount St. Helens erupted?
What happened to the people who didn't evacuate when Mount St. Helens erupted?
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Which type of volcano is Kilauea?
Which type of volcano is Kilauea?
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What causes volcanic mudflows, or lahars?
What causes volcanic mudflows, or lahars?
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What are the three key factors that determine the nature of a volcanic eruption?
What are the three key factors that determine the nature of a volcanic eruption?
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What is the current situation in Iceland?
What is the current situation in Iceland?
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Which type of volcanoes typically have massive landslides instead of violent eruptions?
Which type of volcanoes typically have massive landslides instead of violent eruptions?
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What is viscosity?
What is viscosity?
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What is the difference between cinders and blocks?
What is the difference between cinders and blocks?
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What types of volcanoes can be found at Mount Lassen?
What types of volcanoes can be found at Mount Lassen?
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What is the name given to solidified lava that falls through the air and takes on a teardrop shape?
What is the name given to solidified lava that falls through the air and takes on a teardrop shape?
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What is the term used to describe a depression at the summit of a volcano that is generally less than a kilometer wide?
What is the term used to describe a depression at the summit of a volcano that is generally less than a kilometer wide?
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What is the name given to the opening in a volcano that connects to the magma chamber?
What is the name given to the opening in a volcano that connects to the magma chamber?
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What is the notable example of a caldera, which is bigger than a kilometer in diameter?
What is the notable example of a caldera, which is bigger than a kilometer in diameter?
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What is the term used to describe a volcanic eruption that flows out and is not very explosive?
What is the term used to describe a volcanic eruption that flows out and is not very explosive?
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What is the controlling factor for viscosity in volcanic eruptions?
What is the controlling factor for viscosity in volcanic eruptions?
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What are the two types of basaltic lava flows mentioned in the text?
What are the two types of basaltic lava flows mentioned in the text?
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What are pillow lavas?
What are pillow lavas?
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Which type of lava is mostly found in California's inland areas?
Which type of lava is mostly found in California's inland areas?
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What caused the landslide in Mount Lassen to travel farther than expected?
What caused the landslide in Mount Lassen to travel farther than expected?
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What is the name of the jagged and blocky lava that is easy to remember because of the sound it makes when stepped on?
What is the name of the jagged and blocky lava that is easy to remember because of the sound it makes when stepped on?
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What causes pillow structures to form in the ocean floor during volcanic eruptions?
What causes pillow structures to form in the ocean floor during volcanic eruptions?
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What is the gas composition in the rock discussed in the text?
What is the gas composition in the rock discussed in the text?
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What is the difference between the gas composition in mafic and this rock?
What is the difference between the gas composition in mafic and this rock?
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What is the analogy used in the text to describe the stickiness of the rock?
What is the analogy used in the text to describe the stickiness of the rock?
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What is the difference between lava flows from this rock and mafic rocks?
What is the difference between lava flows from this rock and mafic rocks?
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Which two gases make up the majority of volcanic emissions?
Which two gases make up the majority of volcanic emissions?
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What is the characteristic smell associated with volcanoes?
What is the characteristic smell associated with volcanoes?
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What is volcanic fog, or vlog vog, and why is it uncomfortable?
What is volcanic fog, or vlog vog, and why is it uncomfortable?
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What are volcanic bombs and how are they formed?
What are volcanic bombs and how are they formed?
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Which type of volcano is Mauna Loa?
Which type of volcano is Mauna Loa?
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What is the largest volcano in the solar system?
What is the largest volcano in the solar system?
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Which type of volcano has steep sides and a classic volcano shape?
Which type of volcano has steep sides and a classic volcano shape?
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What is the difference between active and dormant volcanoes?
What is the difference between active and dormant volcanoes?
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Which type of volcanic hazard is more deadly than lava?
Which type of volcanic hazard is more deadly than lava?
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What are lahars?
What are lahars?
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What caused a mass extinction event 250 million years ago?
What caused a mass extinction event 250 million years ago?
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What can volcanic ash do to the climate?
What can volcanic ash do to the climate?
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Study Notes
Volcanoes and Eruptions
- Mount Lassen was the last volcano to erupt before Mount St. Helens, which erupted in 1980 and caused 59 fatalities.
- Mount St. Helens erupted a cubic kilometer of ash and rock debris, including pyroclastic and mud flows, and caused significant devastation to the area.
- Kilauea, on the other hand, is a basaltic volcano that continuously erupts every couple of years, while Mount St. Helens was an intermediate and acidic volcano.
- The composition of magma/lava, temperature, and gas content are three key factors that determine the nature of a volcanic eruption.
- Mafic rocks are rich in silicates and high in iron and magnesium, while felsic rocks are granitic in composition and crystallize slowly.
- Basaltic magmas come from partial melting of the upper mantle, while granitic magmas come from partial melting of the continental crust.
- Mount St. Helens is on a convergent plate boundary, while Kilauea is on a hot spot.
- The eruption of Mount St. Helens was a lateral eruption, which means it erupted sideways, releasing pressure from the magma chamber and causing a massive explosion.
- The volcanic mudflows, called lahars, are a mixture of water and ash high in silica and behave differently than regular mud, causing significant damage.
- Iceland is currently experiencing a swarm of earthquakes that could signal an upcoming volcanic eruption.
- Scientists can predict volcanic eruptions based on changes in gas composition and temperature of the ground.
- A famous video shows a man filming the eruption of Mount St. Helens, which took longer than expected to erupt, causing significant devastation to the area.
Volcanic Hazards: Pyroclastic Flows, Lahar, and Climate Effects
- Composite volcanoes are made up of both pyroclastic eruptions and lava flows.
- The composition of a composite volcano can change over time due to varying magmatic compositions.
- Most composite volcanoes are located adjacent to the Pacific Ocean due to subduction zones.
- The three types of volcanoes are cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, and shield volcanoes.
- Pyroclastic flows are composed of ash, dust, and cinders that move down the sides of mountains at high speeds and temperatures.
- Pyroclastic flows are more deadly than lava and can cause asphyxiation and encase victims in ash.
- Lahars are volcanic mudflows that can occur when snow or ice is present on the mountain.
- Lahars can be devastating and cover entire towns.
- Volcanic ash can block out the sun and cause a cooling effect on the climate.
- One notable effect on climate was a mass extinction event 250 million years ago due to volcanic eruptions.
- The eruption caused gases and ash to cover the planet, killing 90% of the species at the time and leading to the rise of dinosaurs and eventually humans.
- Volcanic ash can also cause respiratory problems and affect aviation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on volcanoes and eruptions with this informative quiz. Explore the differences between basaltic and granitic magmas, learn about the factors that determine the nature of volcanic eruptions, and discover how scientists predict volcanic activity. Test yourself on the unique characteristics of Mount St. Helens and Kilauea, and gain insight on the potential risks and consequences of volcanic eruptions.
