10 Questions
What is the opening in the Earth's crust where magma erupts to the surface called?
An opening of a volcano found at its summit
What type of volcano is formed when lava is ejected from a single vent?
Super Volcano
Which term refers to the quiet release of gas, lava, and ash from a volcano?
Eruption
What is the most violent and explosive type of volcano?
Shield Volcano
Which type of cone is formed when a volcano erupts alternately with solidification of lava and cinders?
Composite Volcano
What substance interacts with magma in phreatomagmatic eruptions?
Water
Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by continuous gas blasts and explosive ejection of viscous lava, gas-rich magma, and large volumes of pumice?
Plinian
What type of volcanic eruption produces luminous arcs through the sky from bursts of molten lava clots?
Strombolian
In what year did the famous eruption of Mt. Pinatubo occur?
1991
Which of the following is NOT an indicator of an impending volcanic eruption?
Weather patterns
Study Notes
Definitions and Concepts
- A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust where magma erupts to the surface.
- The opening at the summit of a volcano is called a vent.
- A crater is a depression at the top of a volcano.
Types of Volcanoes
- Shield volcanoes have a broad shape with gentle slopes and are formed by the eruption of fluid lava flows.
- Composite volcanoes are the most violent and explosive type of volcano and are formed by the eruption of a combination of lava flows, ash, and gas.
- Cinder volcanoes are formed from the accumulation of ash and cinders from small-scale eruptions.
Volcanic Eruptions
- An eruption refers to the release of gas, lava, and ash from a volcano.
- Phreatomagmatic eruptions occur when magma interacts with water.
- Plinian eruptions are large explosive events characterized by continuous gas blasts and the explosive ejection of viscous lava, gas-rich magma, and large volumes of volcanic rock known as pumice.
- Strombolian eruptions produce luminous arcs through the sky, produced from bursts of huge clots of molten lava.
Volcanic Landforms and Rocks
- Solidified lava belongs to the igneous rock family.
- Volcanic landforms can be formed from lava ejected from a single vent.
Notable Volcanoes and Eruptions
- Mt. Mayon is a composite volcano.
- The famous eruption of Mt. Pinatubo occurred in 1991.
Test your knowledge about volcanoes with this quiz! Learn about the different parts of a volcano and how they work. Make sure to carefully read each question before writing down your answers.
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