35 Questions
Which volcano is the active volcano on Big Island in Hawaii?
Kilauea
Which volcano had the largest historic eruption in North America?
Mount Saint Helens
How far did the lava flow from the eruption site of Kilauea?
30 miles
Which element is the critical factor in determining whether an eruption is explosive or effusive?
Silica
What is the composition of basaltic magma?
High in iron and magnesium
What is the composition of felsic magma?
High in silica
What is the main role of silica in magma composition?
To make the magma sticky
Which volcano continuously erupts every couple of years, producing basaltic lava flows?
Kilauea
What caused the destruction of the surrounding forest during the Mount St. Helens eruption?
Pyroclastic flows
Which volcano is an example of a continental arc volcano formed by subduction?
Mount St. Helens
What is the difference in magma and lava composition between Kilauea and Mount St. Helens?
Kilauea is basaltic, Mount St. Helens is intermediate to felsic
What is the main factor that leads to an explosive eruption?
High viscosity
Which type of volcano is more likely to have landslides instead of violent eruptions?
Granitic volcano
What does the term 'viscosity' refer to in relation to magma?
The resistance to flowing
What is the composition of magma that flows easily and forms smooth lava flows?
Basaltic
Which type of lava is more like a landslide than actual lava?
Block lavas
What is the name given to the type of lava that is jagged and blocky?
Block lavas
Which gases are the principal gases released during an eruption?
Water vapor and carbon dioxide
What is the characteristic smell around a volcano due to the presence of sulfur?
Rotten eggs
Which type of volcano is characterized by its shield-like shape?
Shield volcano
What is the smallest type of pyroclast based on size?
Ash
What is the term used to describe a volcanic eruption that is not very explosive and flows out?
Effusive eruption
What is the name for the eruption clouds produced by highly viscous lavas?
Eruption columns
Which of the following is NOT a type of pyroclastic material?
Lapely
What gives volcanic bombs their teardrop shape?
Solidification of lava
What is the main difference between a crater and a caldera?
Size
What is the purpose of the vent in a volcano?
To connect to the magma chamber
Which type of volcano is known for its explosive eruptions and steep sides?
Composite volcanoes
What is the largest shield volcano on Earth?
Mauna Loa
Which type of volcano is composed of basaltic lavas and has mild eruptions with lots of lava?
Shield volcanoes
Which volcano is an example of a shield volcano?
Kilauea
Which type of volcano is considered the largest?
Shield volcano
Which volcanic hazard is the most deadly?
Pyroclastic flows
What caused the destruction of Pompeii?
Pyroclastic flows
What is the main effect of large volcanic eruptions on climate?
Decrease in temperature
Study Notes
Comparison of Mount St. Helens and Kilauea Volcanoes
- Mount Lassen erupted at 4:42 before Mount St. Helens at 4:49, causing significant damage and loss of life.
- Mount St. Helens eruption released a cubic kilometer of ash, rock debris, and pyroclastic flows, resulting in the destruction of the surrounding forest.
- Mount St. Helens eruption caused the melting of snow, leading to devastating mudflows called lahars.
- Mount St. Helens eruption was a lateral eruption, characterized by the explosion venting sideways due to a landslide caused by an earthquake.
- Kilauea volcano in Hawaii continuously erupts every couple of years, producing basaltic lava flows.
- Kilauea volcano is located on a hot spot, while Mount St. Helens is on a convergent plate boundary.
- The composition of magma and lava differs between the two volcanoes, with Kilauea being basaltic and Mount St. Helens being intermediate to felsic.
- Basaltic magmas come from partial melting of the upper mantle, while granitic magmas come from partial melting of continental crust.
- Mount St. Helens is an example of a continental arc volcano formed by subduction, while Kilauea is formed by a hot spot.
- Iceland is currently experiencing seismic activity, indicating a possible volcanic eruption soon.
- Volcanic eruptions can be predicted to some extent by changes in gas composition and ground temperature.
- Scientists were able to predict the eruption of Mount St. Helens and filmed the event, which took longer than expected to occur.
Volcanic Hazards and Types of Volcanoes
- Composite volcanoes are made up of multiple types of eruptions, such as pyroclasts and lava flows.
- The composition of a composite volcano's magma can change over time, resulting in different eruption styles.
- Most composite volcanoes are located near the Pacific Ocean due to subduction zones.
- Cinder cones are the smallest type of volcano, while shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa are the largest.
- Mount Rainier is considered one of the deadliest volcanoes due to its proximity to heavily populated areas.
- Pyroclastic flows, made up of ash and dust, are the most deadly volcanic hazard and can reach speeds of up to 200 km/h.
- Pompeii was destroyed by a pyroclastic flow from Mount Vesuvius, resulting in the preservation of its inhabitants.
- Lahars, or volcanic mudflows, occur when snow or ice on a volcano melts and mixes with ash and debris, causing devastating destruction.
- Lahar mud, when solidified, is harder than cement due to its high silica content.
- Volcanic eruptions can trigger tsunamis, affect aviation due to ash, and cause respiratory problems from volcanic fog.
- Large volcanic eruptions can have a cooling effect on the climate by blocking sunlight with ash and dust.
- One notable volcanic event, 250 million years ago, led to a mass extinction and the rise of dinosaurs.
Compare and contrast the explosive Mount St. Helens and the continuous eruption of Kilauea volcano in this informative quiz. Explore their unique characteristics, eruption styles, magma compositions, and geological settings. Test your knowledge on volcanic activity and learn fascinating facts about these two famous volcanoes.
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