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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of hotspot volcanoes?
What is the primary cause of hotspot volcanoes?
- Tectonic plate collisions
- Seafloor spreading
- Atmospheric pressure changes
- Rising plumes of mantle magma (correct)
What happens when a mantle plume rises into the shallow mantle?
What happens when a mantle plume rises into the shallow mantle?
- It partially melts (correct)
- It solidifies completely
- It shrinks in size
- It becomes denser
What characterizes the movement of mantle plumes that form hotspots?
What characterizes the movement of mantle plumes that form hotspots?
- They are subject to gravitational pull
- They are influenced by atmospheric winds
- They move rapidly across tectonic plates
- They are relatively stationary (correct)
What do hotspot tracks or chains produce over millions of years?
What do hotspot tracks or chains produce over millions of years?
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What eventually happens to the hotspot volcanoes as the tectonic plate moves over the location of a plume eruption?
What eventually happens to the hotspot volcanoes as the tectonic plate moves over the location of a plume eruption?
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Study Notes
Hotspot Volcanoes
- Hotspot volcanoes primarily result from mantle plumes, which are columns of hot, solid material that rise from deep within the Earth’s mantle.
- When a mantle plume ascends into the shallow mantle, it causes melting of the surrounding rocks, leading to the formation of magma that can rise to create volcanic activity.
Movement and Characteristics
- Mantle plumes responsible for hotspots exhibit vertical movement, and they can remain stationary relative to tectonic plate motion.
- As tectonic plates move over these stationary mantle plumes, they can produce a series of volcanoes known as hotspot tracks or chains over geological time.
Long-term Effects
- Hotspot tracks can evolve into chains of volcanoes that mark the path of the tectonic plate movement over millions of years.
- Eventually, as tectonic plates shift, the hotspot volcanoes can become inactive, as the plate's movement carries them away from the mantle plume source, leading to volcanic extinction.
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