Volcanic Hazards and Geological Features Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to the lecture, what feature did the Sutter Buttes resemble?

  • The Castle (correct)
  • The Fortress
  • The Citadel
  • The Palace

    • In the geologic map of the Sutter Buttes, what type of rock is the lighter-colored material in the formation?

  • Sedimentary (correct)
  • Volcanic
  • Igneous
  • Metamorphic

    • In the Sutter Buttes, which of the 'castle' formations is the least resistant to erosion?

  • The Moat
  • The Ramparts
  • The Castle
  • The Sedimentary Beds (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about pyroclastic flow?

    <p>It caused the destruction of Pompeii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were Maurice and Katia Kraft?

    <p>Famous volcanologists who risked their lives to study volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inverted topography?

    <p>When a previously low-lying area becomes a high point due to erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of volcanic eruptions on climate?

    <p>They can cause cooling of the Earth by blocking out the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a caldera?

    <p>A collapsed magma chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the formation of Crater Lake?

    <p>A collapse of an empty magma chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fissure eruption?

    <p>An eruption that flows lava onto the surface through a crack in the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Wizard Island in Crater Lake?

    <p>It is a smaller volcano that started to come back up from the bottom of the lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a volcanic neck?

    <p>Devil's Tower in Wyoming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is columnar basalt?

    <p>A type of lava flow with a hexagonal pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a dike and a sill?

    <p>A dike goes with the bedding, while a sill goes across the bedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a batholith?

    <p>A massive intrusive igneous feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary produces the greatest volume of lava?

    <p>Divergent plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of magma generation?

    <p>Partial melting and decompression melting caused by water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain range is an example of intra-plate volcanism?

    <p>Yellowstone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most volcanoes form?

    <p>At convergent plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary is responsible for the formation of the Andes Mountains and the Cascades?

    <p>Convergent plate boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of intraplate volcanism?

    <p>Mantle plumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain range is an example of a range formed by magma chambers pushing up and cracking the crust?

    <p>Sierra Nevadas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global distribution of igneous activity?

    <p>Mostly at convergent plate boundaries and hotspots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of intrusive igneous activity?

    <p>Laccoliths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of columnar basalt's hexagonal pattern?

    <p>Cooling and contraction of lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a volcanic neck?

    <p>Devil's Tower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest extinction event in the planet's history that killed 90% of life on the planet?

    <p>The Permian-Triassic extinction event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the formation of Crater Lake?

    <p>It was formed by a volcanic eruption that emptied out the magma chamber and collapsed on itself, creating a massive caldera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Wizard Island in Crater Lake?

    <p>It is a tiny volcano that started to come back up from the bottom of the lake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a basalt plateau?

    <p>It is a large, flat area covered in basalt rock formed by a fissure eruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inverted topography?

    <p>It is when a volcanic eruption causes the surrounding area to sink inwards, creating a depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Volcanic Hazards and Interesting Geological Features

    • Pyroclastic flow is one of the deadliest volcanic hazards, as seen in the destruction of Pompeii.
    • Volcanoes can still be active and pose a threat to cities, but better monitoring allows for evacuation and potentially saving lives.
    • Maurice and Katia Kraft were famous volcanologists who risked their lives to study volcanoes and capture incredible footage.
    • Lahars, or volcanic mudflows, can be just as dangerous as pyroclastic flows and can cause erosion and inverted topography over time.
    • Volcanic eruptions can cause climate change by blocking out the sun and cooling the Earth.
    • The Sutter Buttes in California are an interesting geological feature that formed from volcanic activity and erosion.
    • Lahars can solidify and create a cement-like cap that resists erosion and creates inverted topography.
    • Inverted topography is when a previously low-lying area becomes a high point due to erosion and the resistance of solidified lahars.
    • The Sutter Buttes were once a volcanic complex that has eroded over time, leaving behind the unique shape seen today.
    • Volcanic mudflows can originate from melting snow and ice, as well as ash and debris from eruptions.
    • The explosive power of volcanoes can be seen in videos of eruptions captured by brave hikers and scientists.
    • Understanding volcanic hazards and geological features can help us better prepare for and appreciate the power of nature.

    Volcanoes and Igneous Activity

    • The Sierra Nevadas and Cascades are examples of mountain ranges formed by magma chambers pushing up and cracking the crust.
    • Radiating dikes and volcanic necks are features that cut across or go with the layers caused by eruptions and volcanoes.
    • The magma is generated through partial melting and decompression melting caused by water, resulting in lava flows.
    • Divergent plate boundaries are a long line of volcanoes, producing the greatest volume of lava and forming pillow basalts.
    • Intraplate volcanism occurs when exceptionally hot mantle plumes punch through the crust and form hotspots, such as Yellowstone and Hawaii.
    • Hotspots can form a track through land, such as the one in Yosemite.
    • Most volcanoes are at convergent plate boundaries, where subduction occurs.
    • Oceanic-oceanic plate boundaries form volcanoes such as those in Japan.
    • Oceanic-continental plate boundaries form the Andes Mountains and the Cascades.
    • Rifting causes volcanoes to form in the East African Rift Valley and the eastern part of the western United States.
    • Iceland is an example of volcanoes forming at divergent plate boundaries and hotspots.
    • The global distribution of igneous activity is not random, and most volcanoes are at convergent plate boundaries or hotspots.

    Igneous Features: Lava Flows, Volcanic Necks, Columnar Basalt, and Intrusive Igneous Activity

    • The text describes large lava flows in Oregon, where each layer represents a successive lava flow.
    • The lava flows are made of dark rock and have covered the entire area.
    • The area has experienced massive fissure eruptions, including the largest extinction event in the planet's history that killed 90% of life on the planet.
    • Volcanic necks are remnants of volcanoes that were eroded away, leaving a resistant vent standing.
    • Shiprock in New Mexico and Devil's Tower are famous volcanic necks.
    • Columnar basalt is an interesting feature that looks like columns stitched together with a hexagonal pattern.
    • The hexagonal pattern is created when the lava cools and contracts, breaking into pieces.
    • Intrusive igneous activity is defined by its coarse-grained texture and occurs beneath the surface.
    • Intrusions are caused by magma making its way through the crust, cracking the ground around it.
    • If magma goes across the bedding, it's called a dike, and if it goes with the bedding, it's called a sill.
    • Laccoliths occur when magma is forcibly injected between the strata and bows the strata up.
    • Batholiths are massive intrusive igneous features, and the Sierra Nevada mountain range is an example of a giant batholith.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on volcanic hazards and interesting geological features with this quiz. Learn about the dangers of pyroclastic flows and lahars, the famous volcanologists who studied them, and the unique formations that can result from volcanic activity and erosion. Discover the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate change and how understanding these phenomena can help us better appreciate and prepare for the power of nature.

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