Volcanic Features and Eruptions Quiz

Volcanic Features

• A volcanic vent is an opening in the Earth's surface through which magma, gases, and volcanic ash erupt.
• A volcanic eruption is the release of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano.
• A shield volcano is a broad, gently sloping volcano built up by successive lava flows.
• A cinder cone volcano is a small, steep-sided volcano built from ejected fragments of lava.
• A composite volcano (stratovolcano) is a large, cone-shaped volcano that consists of alternating layers of lava and ash.
• A dormant volcano is a volcano that is currently not erupting, but is likely to erupt again in the future.
• An active volcano is a volcano that is currently erupting or showing signs of recent activity.
• An extinct volcano is a volcano that is no longer active and is not expected to erupt again.
• Magma viscosity is a measure of its resistance to flow; higher viscosity magma flows slower.

Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards

• Signs of impending volcanic eruption can include increased seismic activity, ground deformation, changes in gas emissions, and changes in heat flow.
• Safety precautionary measures during an impending volcanic eruption vary depending on the location and severity, but generally include evacuation planning, monitoring of volcanic activity, and safety protocols.
• Effects of volcanic hazards include lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, lahars (volcanic mudflows), and volcanic gases.

Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal energy utilizes heat from the Earth's interior to generate electricity or provide heat.

• A geothermal power plant uses steam or hot water from geothermal reservoirs to drive turbines, producing electricity.

• A binary cycle power plant uses the heat from geothermal reservoirs to produce steam that drives a secondary turbine.

• Advantages of geothermal energy include renewable energy source, relatively high efficiency and minimal greenhouse gas emissions.

• Disadvantages of geothermal energy include high initial cost and possible environmental impacts like land disturbance, mineral deposits released, noise and potential for induced seismicity in some areas.

Climate

• Factors affecting the climate of an area include:
  • The Kuril current
  • Altitude
  • Distance to the ocean
  • Topography
  • Prevailing winds
  • Latitude

Stellar Properties

• Absolute brightness is the intrinsic luminosity of a star, measured from a standard distance.
• Apparent brightness is the brightness of a star as seen from Earth, which is dependent on its distance and intrinsic brightness.
• Constellations are groups of stars that appear close together in the night sky, forming recognizable patterns.