Volcanic Features and Eruptions Quiz

Volcanic Features

• A volcanic vent is an opening in the Earth's surface through which magma, gases, and volcanic ash erupt.
• A volcanic eruption is the release of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano.
• A shield volcano is a broad, gently sloping volcano built up by successive lava flows.
• A cinder cone volcano is a small, steep-sided volcano built from ejected fragments of lava.
• A composite volcano (stratovolcano) is a large, cone-shaped volcano that consists of alternating layers of lava and ash.
• A dormant volcano is a volcano that is currently not erupting, but is likely to erupt again in the future.
• An active volcano is a volcano that is currently erupting or showing signs of recent activity.
• An extinct volcano is a volcano that is no longer active and is not expected to erupt again.
• Magma viscosity is a measure of its resistance to flow; higher viscosity magma flows slower.

Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards

• Signs of impending volcanic eruption can include increased seismic activity, ground deformation, changes in gas emissions, and changes in heat flow.
• Safety precautionary measures during an impending volcanic eruption vary depending on the location and severity, but generally include evacuation planning, monitoring of volcanic activity, and safety protocols.
• Effects of volcanic hazards include lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, lahars (volcanic mudflows), and volcanic gases.

Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal energy utilizes heat from the Earth's interior to generate electricity or provide heat.

• A geothermal power plant uses steam or hot water from geothermal reservoirs to drive turbines, producing electricity.

• A binary cycle power plant uses the heat from geothermal reservoirs to produce steam that drives a secondary turbine.

• Advantages of geothermal energy include renewable energy source, relatively high efficiency and minimal greenhouse gas emissions.

• Disadvantages of geothermal energy include high initial cost and possible environmental impacts like land disturbance, mineral deposits released, noise and potential for induced seismicity in some areas.

Climate

• Factors affecting the climate of an area include:
  • The Kuril current
  • Altitude
  • Distance to the ocean
  • Topography
  • Prevailing winds
  • Latitude

Stellar Properties

• Absolute brightness is the intrinsic luminosity of a star, measured from a standard distance.
• Apparent brightness is the brightness of a star as seen from Earth, which is dependent on its distance and intrinsic brightness.
• Constellations are groups of stars that appear close together in the night sky, forming recognizable patterns.

Test your knowledge on different types of volcanic features and the processes involved in volcanic eruptions. This quiz covers definitions and characteristics of various volcanoes, including shield, cinder cone, and composite types, as well as terms related to volcanic activity. Prepare to explore the fascinating world of volcanology!