Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquakes

10 Questions

What is the hot, red fluid that comes out of an erupting volcano?

Lava

Which type of lava is low in gas content, fluid, and forms wide plateaus?

Basaltic lava

What is the molten rock beneath the surface called?

Magma

What is the classification for earthquakes with a focus less than 100 km?

Shallow-focus earthquakes

Which part of the Earth releases gas followed by pyroclastic material during a volcanic eruption?

Magma

Where are shallow focus earthquakes classified?

Divergent boundaries

What type of lava is high in gas content, sticky, and forms lava domes?

Rhyolitic lava

What is the softer upper mantle beneath the lithosphere called?

Asthenosphere

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

At convergent boundaries

What causes earthquakes?

Movement of the Earth's crust

Study Notes

The text discusses natural disasters, specifically volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
The Earth's crust is alive and moves, leading to volcanic activity and earthquakes.
Volcanic eruptions release gas, followed by pyroclastic material, including volcanic ash.
Volcanic ash can reflect sunlight and cause mini ice ages and pose a threat to aircraft.
Lava is the hot, red fluid that comes out of an erupting volcano.
Magma is the molten rock beneath the surface, and lava is the same magma when it reaches the surface.
Basaltic lava is low in gas content, fluid, and forms wide plateaus, while rhyolitic lava is high in gas content, sticky, and forms lava domes.
Earthquakes release energy in the form of seismic waves, causing the ground to shake.
Earthquakes are classified by depth, with shallow-focus earthquakes having a focus less than 100 km and deep-focus earthquakes having a focus deeper than 100 km.
The asthenosphere, the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere, is softer due to high pressure and temperature and forms the basis of plate tectonics.
There are three types of plate boundaries: transform, divergent, and convergent.
Volcanic activity and shallow focus earthquakes occur at divergent boundaries.
The Ring of Fire, where 90% of earthquakes and 75% of volcanic activity occurs, is located along convergent and divergent boundaries.
The Pacific Plate is an example of an oceanic plate, and the Eurasian Plate is an example of a continental plate.
The relative motion of plates causes crustal movements and earthquakes and volcanic eruptions at plate boundaries.
There are three types of plate boundaries: transform, divergent, and convergent.
Divergent boundaries are characterized by volcanic activity and shallow focus earthquakes.
90% of earthquakes and 75% of volcanic activity occur in the Ring of Fire along convergent and divergent boundaries.