Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Which type of substances are grouped together based on their insolubility in water and solubility in most organic solvents?
Which acid is considered a universal precursor for fatty acids, lipids, and other organic plant products?
Which substance present in soybean is found in proprietary products useful for controlling deranged lipid and cholesterol metabolism?
What is the predominant fatty acid constituent of rapeseed oil from Brassica napus?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the best method to obtain citrus volatile oils whose aroma is adversely affected by heat?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the principal component of volatile oil?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme can hydrolyze a considerable number of glycosides?
Signup and view all the answers
Which glycoside found in garlic possesses anti-platelet, anti-microbial, and anti-rheumatic properties?
Signup and view all the answers
Which glycoside yields allyl isothiocyanate as one of the products of hydrolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the hallucinogenic agent derived from Cannabis sativa?
Signup and view all the answers
What principle obtained from fish berries, Cocculus indicus, was formerly used as an analeptic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which substance destroys red blood corpuscles by hemolysis and is particularly toxic to cold-blooded animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a volatile oil that is NOT used as a condiment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plant produces a volatile oil containing Anethole?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plant serves as a source of drugs for antimalaria and anticancer properties?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following volatile oils contains phenol components?
Signup and view all the answers
How are volatile oils most commonly isolated?
Signup and view all the answers
'Ascaridol,' a volatile oil constituent, is obtained from which plant's oil?
Signup and view all the answers
Which alkaloid obtained from ergot is commonly used to relieve or treat migraines?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organism is used in the parasitic method of producing Ergot alkaloids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are plant sources of purine bases alkaloids?
Signup and view all the answers
Among the options, which plant source does not provide tropane alkaloids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the alkaloid reagent composed of Iodine in potassium iodine solution known as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following alkaloids is not a liquid alkaloid, unlike the others mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
Which amino acid is the least used as a precursor in the biosynthesis of alkaloids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the amino acid precursor of indole alkaloids via anthranilic acid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plant could be used in the eyes for dilation of the pupil, giving a striking appearance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which class of natural products is involved in platelet aggregation, pain, and inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is a uterine stimulating fraction and relatively free from action on other smooth muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about glucagon is FALSE?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Glycosides
- Most glycosides are subject to hydrolysis, resulting in the cleavage of glycoside linkages, by acid or enzyme.
- Sinigrin yields allyl isothiocyanate as one of the products of hydrolysis.
- Cyanophore glycosides are derivatives of mandelonitrile.
- Picrotoxin is a glycosidic principle obtained from fish berries, Cocculus indicus, formerly used as an analeptic.
- Allicin is a glycoside found in garlic that possesses anti-platelet, anti-microbial, and anti-rheumatic properties.
- Flavonoids are found in yellow flower pigments, also known as chalcones.
- Saponin glycoside destroys red blood corpuscles by hemolysis and is toxic especially to cold-blooded animals.
- Emulsin and myrosin are enzymes that hydrolyze a considerable number of glycosides.
Other Compounds
- Tetrahydrocannabinol is a hallucinogenic agent derived from Cannabis sativa.
- Balsam of Peru is an oleoresin used extremely as a counterirritant.
- Mandelonitrile is a glycoside found in cassava.
- Lipids are substances grouped together on the basis of their insolubility in water and solubility in most organic solvents.
- Acetic acid is an acid considered as a universal precursor for fatty acids, lipids, and other organic plant products.
- Lecithin is a substance present in soybean that can be found in number of proprietary products that are useful in controlling deranged lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
- Erucic acid is the predominant fatty acid constituent of rapeseed oil from Brassica napus (Brassicaceae).
- Citrus volatile oils whose aroma is injuriously affected by heat are best obtained by expression.
- Glandular cells are oil tubes found in plants under the Apiaceae family that contain the volatile oil.
- Menthol is the principal component of volatile oil.
- Eugenol is the active constituent of Clove oil.
- Anethole is a volatile oil that is used as an antipruritic.
Volatile Oils
- Volatile oils are usually obtained by steam distillation, with the exception of the oils from Pinaceae, which are obtained via destructive distillation.
- Ascaridol is a volatile oil constituent obtained from the Chenopodium oil.
- Volatile oils are used for therapeutic action, flavoring, and perfumery.
- Volatile oils may occur in the oil cells, glandular hairs, and ducts of the plant.
Alkaloids
- Ergotamine is an alkaloid used to relieve or treat migraine.
- Claviceps purpurea is the organism used in the parasitic method of producing Ergot alkaloids.
- Plant sources of purine bases alkaloids include Kola, Tea, and Cacao.
- Plant sources of tropane alkaloids include Belladonna, Stramonium, and Hyoscyamus.
- Mayer's reagent is an alkaloid reagent composed of Iodine, in potassium iodine solution.
- Conine is a liquid alkaloid that lacks oxygen in the molecule.
- Quinine is the alkaloid that continues to be the drug of choice against malaria.
- Morphine is the most widely used opium alkaloid, which is a narcotic analgesic and anti-tussive, and is used as a sedative, especially in allaying coughs.
- Physostigmine is the alkaloid found in Calabar bean.
- Tyrosine is the amino acid precursor of alkaloids via dopamine.
Hormones
- Oxytocin is a uterine stimulating fraction and is relatively free from action on other smooth muscle.
- Prostaglandins are a class of natural products with potent and diverse biological activities involved in platelet aggregation, pain, and inflammation.
- Glucagon is produced by the α-cells and exerts counterbalancing action on carbohydrate metabolism in the body, eliciting a hyperglycemic response in the body.
- Thyroid hyperactivity is characterized by muscle weakness with tremor, loss of body weight and fat, increased heart rate and blood pressure, but intolerance to cold.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on volatile oils used as condiments and for medicinal purposes. Identify the plant sources, properties, and uses of different volatile oils.
