47 Questions
What is the main focus of person-environment fit theories in career development?
Assessing work environments and predicting positive outcomes
What is the primary goal of developmental career theories?
Explaining the processes of career growth and advancement
In which category do management career models fall under?
Developmental career theories
According to the text, what is the main focus of career management theories?
Managing and explaining the processes of entering, managing, and leaving careers
According to Savickas, what is the main purpose of psychometric assessments in career counseling?
To evaluate clients' constructed meanings
What does G. D. Gottfredson criticize about the postmodern movement in career research?
Its preference for complexity and individualized theory
What does Savickas warn vocational psychologists and career counselors against?
Treating linguistic abstractions as real things
What did Hesketh caution about in the context of vocational behavior?
The complexity and individualized theory preference
According to Super's career development theory, what is the increased emphasis in later versions?
Increased emphasis on self-concept in decision-making
What is a key feature of Gottfredson's theory of career choice and development?
Consideration of hereditary and biological factors
What influences career choices in Gottfredson's theory?
Innate talents and interests
According to the text, what influences individuals to eliminate career options over time?
Perceived factors such as power and social prestige
What do both Super and Gottfredson's theories emphasize in career research and counseling?
Psychological assessment
What is the focus of postmodern career development theories?
Subjective career experience and social constructionism
What is the role of constructivism in postmodern career development theories?
Mentally constructing the experience of the world
What does social constructionism argue about knowledge and meaning?
'They are the product of social practices and interactions'
'Both Super and Gottfredson's theories acknowledge the influence of ________ on career choices.' Fill in the blank.
'Sociocultural influences'
What is the focus of postmodern career development theories?
The subjective career experience
What is a key feature of Super's career development theory in later versions?
Repetition of developmental stages
What does Gottfredson's theory integrate with work roles according to the text?
Biological factors and innate personal traits
According to the text, which theory emphasizes the role of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and contextual factors in vocational behavior?
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
Which theory consists of predictive models related to interest development, career choices, educational and vocational performance, and work and career satisfaction?
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
Which theory predicts that self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and learning experiences shape interests?
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
Which theory predicts that self-efficacy, work values, and contextual factors influence career decisions?
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
Which theory predicts that self-efficacy, goal setting, and ability contribute to effective performance?
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
According to the text, which theory focuses on career decision-making processes and reasons rather than specific career paths based on personal characteristics?
Developmental career theories
According to the text, which theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals face particular challenges?
Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory
In the context of the text, which theory refers to an individual's readiness to face developmental challenges at each life stage?
Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory
According to the information provided in the text, which theory has been the most extensively researched contemporary career theory?
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
In the context of the text, despite some falsified hypotheses, which theory is significant in predicting successful work performance through vocational interests?
Holland's theory
What are the key drivers of career success, satisfaction, and persistence according to Person-environment (P-E) fit theories?
Meeting job requirements and job features matching individual's desires
Which theory focuses on an individual's needs/values and skills/abilities, job requirements in relation to abilities and skills, and job reinforcers in relation to values and needs?
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)
Which theory predicts that a match between an individual's type and their occupation is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, tenure, and other important work outcomes?
Holland's Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments
What is the primary focus of Holland's Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments?
Interests in jobs and work activities
According to critics, what shows weak relationships with satisfaction, performance, and other outcomes in Holland's Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments?
Congruence assessed using some forms of index that discard numerical scale values
In the context of P-E fit theories, what do long-term tenure and career persistence depend on?
Meeting both forms of correspondence between individuals and environments
What are the different adjustment strategies suggested by the TWA process model when there is a mismatch between individuals and environments?
Tolerating mismatch, changing oneself, or changing the other party
According to Person-environment (P-E) fit theories, what are the key drivers of career success, satisfaction, and persistence?
Individual's capabilities meeting the job's requirements and job features matching an individual's desires
Which theory includes both a predictive model and a process model, and focuses on an individual's needs/values and skills/abilities, job requirements, and job reinforcers?
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)
What does TWA posit results in satisfaction?
When an individual's needs are met by the job reinforcers
What is predicted to occur when both forms of correspondence are present according to TWA?
Long-term tenure and career persistence
What strategies does the TWA process model suggest individuals and environments pursue when there is a mismatch?
Tolerating mismatch, changing oneself, or changing the other party
What does Holland's Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments organize individuals and work environments around?
"Types" or dimensions (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Convention)
What does Holland's theory predict is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, tenure, and other important work outcomes?
A match between an individual's type and their occupation
What has Holland's theory been popular due to?
"Parsimony" and the wide latitude it offers for interpretations of the factor definitions
What do critics argue about congruence as assessed using some forms of index in Holland's theory?
It shows weak relationships with satisfaction, performance, and other outcomes
What are predictions of Holland's theory regarding the structure of interests frequently evaluated as?
"Uncritical" evaluations
Study Notes
- Person-environment (P-E) fit theories, also known as trait-and-factor theories, propose that an individual's capabilities meeting the job's requirements and job features matching an individual's desires are key drivers of their career success, satisfaction, and persistence.
- Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) is one of the oldest career theories, developed by Dawis and Lofquist, which includes both a predictive model and a process model.
- TWA focuses on an individual's needs/values and skills/abilities, job requirements in relation to abilities and skills, and job reinforcers in relation to values and needs.
- TWA posits that satisfaction arises when an individual's needs are met by the job reinforcers, while effective performance, or satisfactoriness, results when an individual's abilities meet job requirements.
- Long-term tenure and career persistence are predicted to occur when both forms of correspondence are present.
- When there is mismatch, the TWA process model suggests individuals and environments pursue different adjustment strategies: tolerating mismatch, changing oneself, or changing the other party.
- TWA's hypotheses have received substantial empirical support and have been incorporated into various other P-E fit models in organizational research.
- Holland's Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments is the most influential P-E fit theory in vocational psychology.
- Holland's theory organizes individuals and work environments around six "types" or dimensions (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Convention), primarily based on interests in jobs and work activities.
- Holland's theory predicts that a match between an individual's type and their occupation is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, tenure, and other important work outcomes.
- Holland's theory has been popular due to its parsimony and the wide latitude it offers for interpretations of the factor definitions, but research on its predictions has faced methodological challenges.
- Critics of Holland's theory argue that congruence, assessed using some forms of index that discard numerical scale values, shows weak relationships with satisfaction, performance, and other outcomes.
- Predictions of Holland's theory, particularly regarding the structure of interests, are frequently evaluated uncritically.
Test your knowledge of vocational interests, career theories, and the discrepancies in research findings. Explore the impact of vocational interests on work performance and the challenges to Holland's theory. Dive into the realm of Social Cognitive Career Theory and more.
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