Vocabulary: Word Formation and Classes

Prefixes: attached to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (e.g., un- in unhappy)
Suffixes: attached to the end of a word to change its meaning (e.g., -ly in quickly)
Root words: core meaning of a word (e.g., "tele-" means far)
Compounding: combining two or more words to create a new word (e.g., toothbrush)

Nouns: person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., dog, city, happiness)
Verbs: actions or states of being (e.g., run, be, have)
Adjectives: describe nouns or pronouns (e.g., happy, blue, big)
Adverbs: describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very, well)
Pronouns: replace nouns in a sentence (e.g., he, she, it, they)
Prepositions: show relationships between words (e.g., in, on, under)
Conjunctions: connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or)
Interjections: express emotion or feeling (e.g., oh, wow, ouch)

Context clues: use surrounding words to understand unfamiliar vocabulary
Word families: learn related words with similar prefixes, suffixes, or roots
Etymology: study the origins and history of words
Active recall: actively try to remember vocabulary through quizzes or flashcards

Tier 1 words: common, everyday vocabulary (e.g., run, happy, dog)
Tier 2 words: more advanced vocabulary, often used in academic or professional settings (e.g., perspective, nuanced, rigorous)
Tier 3 words: specialized or technical vocabulary (e.g., photosynthesis, mitochondria)

Prefixes are attached to the beginning of a word to change its meaning, such as "un-" in "unhappy".
Suffixes are attached to the end of a word to change its meaning, such as "-ly" in "quickly".
Root words are the core meaning of a word, like "tele-" meaning "far".
Compounding combines two or more words to create a new word, such as "toothbrush".

Nouns are words that represent a person, place, thing, or idea, like "dog", "city", or "happiness".
Verbs are words that express actions or states of being, like "run", "be", or "have".
Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns, like "happy", "blue", or "big".
Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, like "quickly", "very", or "well".
Pronouns replace nouns in a sentence, like "he", "she", "it", or "they".
Prepositions show relationships between words, like "in", "on", or "under".
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses, like "and", "but", or "or".
Interjections express emotion or feeling, like "oh", "wow", or "ouch".

Using context clues involves understanding unfamiliar vocabulary by looking at surrounding words.
Learning word families involves studying related words with similar prefixes, suffixes, or roots.
Etymology involves studying the origins and history of words.
Active recall involves actively trying to remember vocabulary through quizzes or flashcards.

Tier 1 words are common, everyday vocabulary, like "run", "happy", or "dog".
Tier 2 words are more advanced vocabulary, often used in academic or professional settings, like "perspective", "nuanced", or "rigorous".
Tier 3 words are specialized or technical vocabulary, like "photosynthesis" or "mitochondria".