24 Questions
What is the primary concern of reading materials according to Williams?
The quality of texts
According to Nation, what is an example of elaboration?
Meeting a known word in a new context
What is the purpose of explicit instruction, according to Maley?
To teach word formation, prefixes, and suffixes
What is an example of receptive retrieval, according to the text?
Recalling the meaning of a word
According to Waring, how many times does a learner need to encounter a word to make it part of their vocabulary?
15-20 times
What is an example of student use of words, according to Maley?
Games and dictations
What does Tomlinson support very strongly in reading pedagogy and materials production?
The quality of texts
What is an example of student experience of words, according to Maley?
Performance of poems and sketches
What is cultural awareness, according to the text?
Perceptions of our own and other people's cultures
What is the main benefit of cultural awareness in language learning?
It allows learners to interpret intercultural interactions
What is the relationship between language and culture, according to the text?
Language is deeply intertwined with the cultural context
What is the main argument of the Lexical Approach against the centrality of grammar?
It proposes that language is learned through 'grammaticalized lexis' instead of 'lexicalized grammar'.
What does cultural awareness involve, according to Tomlinson (2001)?
A gradually developing inner sense of the equality of cultures
What is the main goal of Critical Language Awareness (CLA)?
To help students analyze and evaluate language use in the world around them.
What is the outcome of cultural awareness in language learning?
It broadens the mind and increases tolerance
What is the primary distinction between a passive viewer and an active viewer?
Passive viewers accept messages without question, while active viewers analyze and evaluate them.
What is the role of educators in cultural awareness, according to the text?
To create culturally adaptive lessons
What is the main focus of the Viewing Skill in language learning?
Constructing meaning by interpreting visual media including television, images, and films.
What is the role of pragmatic awareness in language learning?
It enables students to understand situational constraints on conversational behavior.
What is the benefit of cultural awareness in diverse environments?
It helps learners to build successful relationships
What is the characteristic of perceptions in cultural awareness?
They are dynamic and variable
What is the primary goal of explicit instruction in language learning?
To provide students with direct explanations and guidance on language use.
What is the role of elaboration and contextualization in language learning?
To provide learners with contextualized language examples and opportunities to elaborate on their knowledge.
What is the main difference between receptive and productive retrieval in language learning?
Receptive retrieval involves reading and listening, while productive retrieval involves speaking and writing.
Study Notes
Vocabulary Acquisition
- Retrieving involves recalling the meaning or part of the meaning of a form, and can be receptive or productive
- Elaborating involves meeting a known word in a new context, using a known word in a new way, or receiving rich instruction on a word, which helps learners understand its dynamic nature
- Learners need to encounter a word 15-20 times in context to start acquiring it (Waring, 2006)
- Three types of in-class activities for vocabulary acquisition: explicit instruction, student use of words, and student experience of words
Materials for Developing Reading Skills
- Engaging affect should be the prime concern of reading materials
- The quality of texts should be given more weight in reading pedagogy and materials production
- Cultural localization of materials is important, as cultural differences contribute significantly to language teaching and learning
Cultural Awareness
- Cultural awareness consists of perceptions of our own and other people's cultures
- Perceptions are internal, dynamic, variable, and multi-dimensional
- Cultural awareness involves understanding and respecting the equality of cultures, recognizing different perspectives, and building successful relationships in diverse environments
The Culture of Language and the Language of Culture
- Language is deeply intertwined with the cultural context in which it is used
- Importance of cultural awareness in language learning: enables individuals to understand and communicate effectively, fosters intercultural understanding, and prepares individuals for a multicultural world
Alternative Approaches to Teaching Reading
- Lexical approach: language as 'grammaticalized lexis' instead of 'lexicalized grammar', focuses on how lexical items cluster together to constitute larger units of meaning
- Critical language awareness: believes language is value-laden and texts are never neutral, requires students to develop sociolinguistic and ethnographic research skills
Materials for Developing Viewing Skill
- Viewing skill involves comprehending visual media, such as television, images, and films
- Two types of viewers: passive (accepts message without question) and active (analyzes, appreciates, and evaluates text)
This quiz assesses your understanding of vocabulary acquisition strategies, including defining, retrieving, and elaborating. Learn how to effectively learn and use new words.
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