VMED 151 AY 21-22: Reproductive System Diseases

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Questions and Answers

The average gestation period of a ______ is 62-64 days.

dog

During the ______ stage, the onset of follicular phase occurs.

proestrus

Vaginal ______ is a diagnostic tool used to examine the reproductive system of pets.

cytology

In ______ management, breeding history and behavior are important signalments to note.

breeding Signup and view all the answers

The ______ test is used to diagnose reproductive disorders in pets.

fern Signup and view all the answers

______ is a type of reproductive disorder that can cause infertility in pets.

cryptorchidism Signup and view all the answers

Vaginoscopy is a diagnostic tool used to examine the ______ of the reproductive system.

vagina Signup and view all the answers

Pyometra is a type of ______ disorder that can occur in female pets.

reproductive Signup and view all the answers

Fetus is lodge in the ______ canal

birth Signup and view all the answers

Prolonged gestation is defined as beyond ______ days for dogs

70 Signup and view all the answers

Green vaginal discharge without presence of fetus is a sign of ______

dystocia Signup and view all the answers

No puppies delivered beyond ______ hours of visible amniotic sac is a criteria for dystocia

2-3 Signup and view all the answers

Primary complete inertia is a type of ______ cause of dystocia

maternal Signup and view all the answers

Uterine torsion is a type of ______ cause of dystocia

fetal Signup and view all the answers

Pseudohermaphrodite is a condition characterized by a ______ like clitoris

penis Signup and view all the answers

SURGERY for vaginal prolapse is usually ______ or AI

OHE Signup and view all the answers

OHE is the treatment for ______ hermaphrodite

pseudo Signup and view all the answers

Treatment for chronic UTI and perivulvar inflammation includes removal of ______ skin folds

redundant Signup and view all the answers

Agalactia is the absence of ______

milk Signup and view all the answers

Galactostasis is also known as ______ stasis

milk Signup and view all the answers

Causes of Acute Mastitis include ______ of mammae

congestion Signup and view all the answers

Diagnosis of Acute Mastitis is done through ______, Cytology, and Milk Culture

Cs Signup and view all the answers

Treatment for Acute Mastitis includes application of ______ compress

warm Signup and view all the answers

Surgery may be required to ______ or remove abscesses in Acute Mastitis

drain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reproductive System in Pets

Various diseases affect the reproductive tract in female and male pets, including emergency and non-emergency conditions
Understanding normal heat cycles and recognizing clinical manifestations is crucial
Diagnostic tools are essential for diagnosing reproductive conditions

Gestation Period in Domestic Mammals

Dog: 62-64 days
Cat: 65 days
Cattle: 280 days
Water Buffalo: 310 days
Sheep: 150 days
Goat: 150 days
Pig: 114 days
Horse: 335-342 days

Anatomy and Estrous

History and examination:
- Signalment
- Behavior
- Breeding history
- Pregnancy history
- Diseases
Gynecological exam: Palpation of the abdomen and digital vaginal exam
Vaginal cytology:
- Proestrous: onset of follicular phase
- Estrus: second half of follicular phase
Vaginoscopy:
- At ovulation
- Diestrus stage
Fern test

Breeding Management and Causes of Reproductive Problems

Non-emergency cases:
- Hormonal
- Infectious
- Trauma
- Congenital
- Toxins
Emergency cases (female):
- Vaginal prolapse
- Uterine prolapse
- Uterine rupture
- Uterine torsion
- Pyometra
- Acute metritis
- Dystocia
Emergency cases (male):
- Scrotal hernia
- Testicular trauma
- Orchitis and epididymitis
- Fracture of os penis
- Paraphimosis

Dystocia

Criteria:
- Fetus lodged in birth canal
- Presence of vaginal stricture
- Prolonged gestation (>70 days for dogs)
- Drop in temperature without signs of labor
- Green vaginal discharge without presence of fetus
Causes:
- Maternal factors (75.3%)
  - Primary complete inertia (48.9%)
  - Primary partial inertia (23.1%)
- Fetal factors (24.7%)
  - Malpresentations (15.5%)
  - Malformation (1.6%)
  - Fetal oversize (6.6%)
  - Fetal death (1.1%)

Conditions

Pseudohermaphrodite:
- Penis-like clitoris
- Vaginal hyperplasia due to estrogen
- Treatment: OHE
Vaginal prolapse:
- Hyperplasia and excoriation
- Treatment: Surgical repair (OHE or AI)
Mammary disorders:
- Agalactia (absence of milk)
  - True form is rare
  - Causes: premature birthing or CS, poor animal condition, shock, mastitis, metritis
  - Treatment: Oxytocin, promote suckling
- Galactostasis (milk stasis)
  - May affect one or more mammae
  - Causes: malformed teats, sudden weaning
  - Treatment: Gentle massage, warm-water compress, manual milking, reduction of food, diuretic
- Acute mastitis
  - Causes: congestion of mammae, trauma, poor sanitation
  - Symptoms: fever, anorexia, depression, restlessness, crying of offspring
  - Treatment: Antibiotics, application of warm compress, surgery (to drain or remove abscesses)
Miscellaneous disorders:
- Puerperal Tetany (Eclampsia)
  - Small dog breeds 21 days after whelping
  - Acute decrease of circulating Ca+ in the body
  - Clinical signs:
    
    • Aggression, Panting, whining, tremors, salivation, stiffness
    • Aggravate muscle spasm, fever, tachycardia, seizures, miosis
    • Death
  - Treatment: 10% Calcium borogluconate (1ml/min) slow IV with cardiac monitoring
- Problem in maternal behavior
  - Promote quiet, familiar surroundings
  - Causes: Hereditary factors, Hormone levels, Previous experience, Neonatal stimulus
  - Good behaviors: Nesting, Nursing, Protecting
  - Bad behaviors: Sublimation, Pup Rejection
Pyometra and Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia
- Pyometra: Accumulation of pus in the uterus
- Cystic endometrial hyperplasia: Hormone dependent change after several estrous cycle not associated with infection
- Breed predilection: Collie, Rottweiler, King Charles Spaniel, Golden Retriever
- Risk factor: Age at 1st pregnancy, Progestogen (megestrol acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate) administration during estrous priming
- Bacteria: E. coli, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas
- Associated with SIRS (septic inflammatory response syndrome)
- Death: damage to internal organs and septic shock
- Clinical signs: Mucopurulent to purulent discharge (Strep. Spp.) or sanguinopurulent discharge (hemolytic E. coli), White-red brown with fetid odor, Lethargy & Anorexia, Polydipsia & Polyuria, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Diarrhea

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Description

This quiz covers the systemic evaluation and treatment of reproductive system diseases in pets, focusing on both emergency and non-emergency conditions.