Chapter 30

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In a merger or acquisition, a firm should be acquired if:

it generates a positive net present value to the shareholders of an acquiring firm.

One company wishes to acquire another. Which of the following forms of acquisition does not require a formal vote by the shareholders of the acquired firm?

Acquisition of stock

Firm A and Firm B merge to form firm AB. This is an example of:

a consolidation.

When evaluating an acquisition, you should:

apply the rate of return that is relevant to the incremental cash flows.

Which of the following is not true of mergers?

Mergers represent a public offer to buy shares directly from the stockholders of another firm.

The complete absorption of one firm by another is called a:

merger

The positive incremental net gain associated with the combination of two firms through a merger or acquisition is called:

synergy.

Suppose that Verizon and Sprint were to merge. Ignoring potential antitrust problems, this merger would be classified as a:

horizontal merger.

Suppose that General Motors has made an offer to acquire General Mills. Ignoring potential antitrust problems, this merger would be classified as a:

conglomerate merger.

If the All-Star Fuel Filling Company, a chain of gasoline stations, acquires the Mid-States Refining Company, a refiner of oil products, this would be an example of a:

vertical acquisition.

Which of the following is not true of acquisition of stock or tender offers?

In most cases, 100% of the stock of the target firm is tendered.

If the acquiring firm and acquired firm are not related to each other, then the acquisition is known as a(an):

conglomerate acquisition.

Following an acquisition, the acquiring firm's statement of financial position shows an asset labeled "goodwill." What form of merger accounting is being used?

Purchase

Turner, Inc. has $4.2 million in net working capital. The firm has fixed assets with a book value of $48.6 million and a market value of $53.4 million. Martin & Sons are buying Turner, Inc. for $60 million in cash. The acquisition will be recorded using the purchase accounting method. What is the amount of goodwill that Martin & Sons will record on its balance sheet as a result of this acquisition?

$2.4 million

Synergy occurs when the:

added value is positive from the combination.

If Microsoft were to acquire Air Canada, the acquisition would be classified as a _____ acquisition.

conglomerate

The synergy of an acquisition between Firm A and Firm B can be determined by:

discounting the change in the cash flows of the combined firm by the risk-adjusted discount rate

The value of synergy is estimated by the equation:

VAB- VA- VB.

An important reason for acquisitions is that the combined firm may generate greater revenue than the two separate firms could. Examples of revenue enhancement would not include:

economies of scale.

An acquisition may take place because of a real or perceived strategic advantage. An example of a strategic advantage would be:

an aircraft manufacturer buying a laser guidance company for possible advanced flight control without pilots.

Which of the following is not true regarding monopoly power as it relates to acquisitions that reduce competition?

Empirical evidence suggests that increased monopoly power is a significant reason for firms to consider merging.

A merger that improves the use of one company's design team and the other company's testing group is evidence of:

complementary resources.

The market for corporate control is a phrase that would not describe:

the system where corporate insiders trade personal stock holdings.

The Albatross Co. has accumulated net operating losses of $70 million and is likely to enter bankruptcy. The Zephyr Co. has earnings of $200 million and is in the 36% marginal tax bracket. Zephyr is considering buying Albatross and liquidating the company and retaining a few of the assets. What is the minimum value of Albatross to Zephyr?

$25.2 million.

Cowboy Curtiss' Cowboy Hat Company recently completed a merger. When valuing the combined firm after the merger, which of the following is an example of the type of common mistake that can occur?

The use of its correct discount rate when valuing the cash flows of the entire company.

Firm A is going to acquire Firm B by selling bonds and using the proceeds to purchase (for cash) the stock of Firm B. What is the appropriate discount rate for use in valuing the benefits of the merger?

None of these choices are correct.

When two firms merge and there is no synergy gain but the only change is a reduction in risk:

the bondholders gain in value while the stockholders lose value.

If two leveraged firms merge, the cost of debt for the new firm will generally be lower than it was for the two firms as separate entities. One reason for this is:

co-insurance.

What is the synergy from the merger of V and A? V was worth $450 and A had a market value of $375. V acquired A for $425 because they thought the combination of VA was worth $925.

$100

What is the NPV from the merger of V and A? V was worth $450 and A had a market value of $375. V acquired A for $425 because they thought the combination of VA was worth $925.

$50

What is the cost of acquiring A if the V and A merge? V is worth $450 and has 100 shares outstanding. A has a market value of $375 and has 40 shares outstanding. V to acquire A will swap 80 shares of V for the 40 shares of A. V believes the combination of VA was worth $925.

$0

What is the market value exchange ratio of V acquiring A in a merger? V is worth $450 and has 100 shares outstanding. A has a market value of $375 and has 40 shares outstanding. V to acquire A will swap 80 shares of V for the 40 shares of A. V believes the combination of VA was worth $925.

1.20:1

In a merger with an exchange of stock, when the premerger prices are used to calculate the exchange ratio, the true cost of the merger:

is greater than the number of shares received times the original market price.

Rudy's, Inc. and Blackstone, Inc. are all-equity firms. Rudy's has 1,500 shares outstanding at a market price of $22 a share. Blackstone has 2,500 shares outstanding at $38 a share. Blackstone is acquiring Rudy's for $36,000 in cash. What is the merger premium per share?

$2.00 per share

Firm A is acquiring Firm B for $25,000 in cash. Firm A has 2,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market value of $21 a share. Firm B has 1,200 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $17 a share. Neither firm has any debt. The net present value of the acquisition is $1,500. What is the price per share of Firm A after the acquisition?

$21.75

Principal, Inc. is acquiring Secondary Companies for $29,000 in cash. Principal has 2,500 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $30 a share. Secondary has 1,600 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $15 a share. Neither firm has any debt. The net present value of the acquisition is $4,500. What is the price per share of Principal after the acquisition?

$31.80

Firm A does well in a boom economy. Firm B does well in a bust economy.

The bondholders stand to gain because the risk of the combined firm is less.

A merger should not take place simply for:

diversification if shareholders can accomplish the same result on their own portfolios.

A modification to the corporate charter that requires 80% shareholder approval for a takeover is called a(n):

supermajority amendment.

Which of the following is the opposite of a targeted repurchase?

Exclusionary self-tender

When the management and/or a small group of investors takeover a firm and the shares of the firm are delisted and no longer publicly available, this action is known as:

a going-private transaction.

Which of the following defensive tactics eliminates the possibility of a takeover via tender offer?

Leveraged buyout (LBO)

Compensation paid to top management in the event of a takeover is called a:

golden parachute.

Test your knowledge of mergers and acquisitions with this quiz. Explore different forms of acquisition, the evaluation process, and terminology related to mergers and acquisitions.

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