Vitamins and Their Functions
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following vitamins are fat-soluble? (Select all that apply)

  • Vitamin B complex
  • Vitamin D (correct)
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin A (correct)
  • What are the two basic dietary forms of Vitamin A?

    Preformed vitamin A (retinol) and carotenoids.

    Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that provides energy.

    False

    What is a common sign of Vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>Night blindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin A helps to regulate the __________ system.

    <p>immune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily allowance of Vitamin A for males aged 14-18 years?

    <p>900 μg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foods are high in Vitamin A? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Fortified milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypervitaminosis A can lead to serious health issues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forms of Vitamin D?

    <p>D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamins

    • Organic compounds that are essential in small amounts for bodily processes.
    • Vitamins do not provide energy, rather they help the body use energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
    • Classified by their solubility:
      • Fat-soluble: Vitamins A, D, E, and K
      • Water-soluble: Vitamin B Complex (B1, B2 B12, folate, niacin, B6, biotin, pantothenic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

    Vitamin A

    • Found in two forms:
      • Preformed: Retinol (active form)
      • Provitamin: Carotenoids (inactive form found in plants, such as beta-carotene)
    • Plays a vital role in:
      • Vision
      • Bone growth
      • Reproduction
      • Cell division
    • Regulates the immune system, helping to fight infections
    • Provitamin A functions as an antioxidant, protecting cells from free radicals
    • Involved in:
      • Sex hormone production
      • Growth processes
      • Protein synthesis
      • Bone and teeth growth
      • Red blood cell production
      • Skin and cellular health
    • Food Sources:
      • Animal sources: Eggs, meat, fortified milk, cheese, cream, liver, kidney, cod, fish oil
      • Plant sources: Orange and yellow vegetables and fruits, broccoli, spinach, dark green leafy vegetables

    Vitamin A Deficiency

    • Night blindness
    • Dry skin
    • Increased susceptibility to infections
    • Avitaminosis A: Can lead to blindness or xerophthalmia (dry mucous membranes of the eye)
    • Leading cause of blindness worldwide
    • Risks: People in impoverished areas, elderly individuals, those with liver disease or AIDS
    • Varies based on age and life stage (e.g., infants, children, pregnant women, lactating women)

    Vitamin A Toxicity (Hypervitaminosis A)

    • Excessive intake of vitamin A supplements can be dangerous
    • Symptoms: Birth defects, hair loss, dry skin, headaches, nausea, dry mucous membranes, liver damage, bone and joint pain

    Vitamin D

    • Found in two forms:
      • D2 (ergocalciferol): Formed in plants from exposure to ultraviolet light
      • D3 (cholecalciferol): Formed in humans from cholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet light
    • Both D2 and D3 are equally effective in human nutrition
    • Heat-stable and not easily oxidized, making it stable during storage, processing, and cooking.
    • Sun Exposure:
      • Recommended exposure to sunlight 2-3 times a week to get 30-50 percent of needed vitamin D
      • 10-15 minutes of sun exposure is needed to complete the vitamin D synthesis process
      • Dark-skinned individuals require longer exposure to the sun than those with light skin

    Vitamin D Functions

    • (This section of the text is incomplete, and there is no description of Vitamin D functions)

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    Description

    This quiz explores the importance of vitamins, their classifications, and specific functions, particularly focusing on Vitamin A. Understand the roles that fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins play in maintaining overall health and bodily processes. Test your knowledge about different vitamin sources and their benefits.

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