Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'hidden hunger' refer to?
What does the term 'hidden hunger' refer to?
Which of the following is a primary source of pre-formed vitamin A?
Which of the following is a primary source of pre-formed vitamin A?
What is the absorption efficiency of pre-formed vitamin A?
What is the absorption efficiency of pre-formed vitamin A?
Which of the following indicates a symptom of vitamin A deficiency?
Which of the following indicates a symptom of vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What method can effectively prevent vitamin D deficiency?
What method can effectively prevent vitamin D deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which micronutrient is NOT associated with hidden hunger?
Which micronutrient is NOT associated with hidden hunger?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food source is rich in carotenoids?
Which food source is rich in carotenoids?
Signup and view all the answers
What health impact has hidden hunger been associated with?
What health impact has hidden hunger been associated with?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the essential functions of retinol and retinoic acid?
What is one of the essential functions of retinol and retinoic acid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a risk factor for vitamin A deficiency?
Which of the following is a risk factor for vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult men?
What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult men?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of preschool children are estimated to be vitamin A deficient, according to WHO statistics?
What percentage of preschool children are estimated to be vitamin A deficient, according to WHO statistics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is considered a leading cause of preventable blindness in children?
Which condition is considered a leading cause of preventable blindness in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common effect of carotenoids in the diet?
What is a common effect of carotenoids in the diet?
Signup and view all the answers
For lactating women aged 14-18 years, what is the RDA of vitamin A?
For lactating women aged 14-18 years, what is the RDA of vitamin A?
Signup and view all the answers
What is defined as vitamin A deficiency (VAD) according to WHO?
What is defined as vitamin A deficiency (VAD) according to WHO?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first symptom of vitamin A deficiency in infants?
What is the first symptom of vitamin A deficiency in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a serious consequence of untreated vitamin A deficiency?
Which of the following is a serious consequence of untreated vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by dry and thickened corneal tissue due to vitamin A deficiency?
Which condition is characterized by dry and thickened corneal tissue due to vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What dietary factors increase the risk of vitamin A deficiency in infants?
What dietary factors increase the risk of vitamin A deficiency in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a diagnostic feature of Bitot’s spots in vitamin A deficiency?
What is a diagnostic feature of Bitot’s spots in vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What health issue significantly increases the risk of vitamin A deficiency?
What health issue significantly increases the risk of vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered an ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency?
Which of the following is NOT considered an ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significant risk posed by keratomalacia?
What is the significant risk posed by keratomalacia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children?
What is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What serum retinol level indicates severe vitamin A deficiency in preschool children?
What serum retinol level indicates severe vitamin A deficiency in preschool children?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should serum 25-OH vitamin D levels be checked during supplementation therapy?
How often should serum 25-OH vitamin D levels be checked during supplementation therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group requires special consideration regarding vitamin D supplementation?
Which group requires special consideration regarding vitamin D supplementation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one indicator of moderate vitamin A deficiency severity in pregnant women according to the criteria?
What is one indicator of moderate vitamin A deficiency severity in pregnant women according to the criteria?
Signup and view all the answers
What outcome is associated with low immunity due to vitamin A deficiency?
What outcome is associated with low immunity due to vitamin A deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of vitamin D within the body?
What is the function of vitamin D within the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended breast milk retinol level indicating deficiency?
What is the recommended breast milk retinol level indicating deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Vitamins and Minerals Part 1
- Topic: Vitamins and minerals, specifically focusing on Vitamin A and Vitamin D deficiencies.
- Grade Level: Third Grade
- Module: Nutrition, Water & Electrolytes Imbalance Module (NT)
- Speaker: Ola Hussein Jasim
- Date: 30-9-2024
-
Learning Objectives:
- Define hidden hunger.
- Identify signs and symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency.
- Outline methods for preventing and controlling Vitamin A deficiency.
- Identify causes of Vitamin D deficiency.
- Outline methods for preventing and controlling Vitamin D deficiency.
Hidden Hunger
- Definition: Hidden hunger describes vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Impacts on health may not be immediately obvious.
- Associated Conditions: Micronutrient malnutrition can lead to metabolic disorders, reduced immune, endocrine, and cognitive function, delayed or inadequate physical development, and possibly be an underlying cause of chronic diseases.
- WHO's Role: The term "hidden hunger" was coined by the WHO in 1986. It pertains to issues related to deficiencies in three essential micronutrients: iron, vitamin A, iodine, and vitamin D.
Vitamin A
-
Forms: Vitamin A exists in two forms:
- Retinoids (pre-formed): Found in animal products like eggs, fatty fish, dairy, and organ meats (e.g., liver). High retinol content is found in fish liver oil. These are readily absorbed by the body.
- Carotenoids (pro-vitamin A): Found in plant-based foods like carrots, mangoes, apricots, and leafy greens. The body converts these into vitamin A, but the efficiency of absorption varies with the food source and the accompanying meal.
-
Functions:
- Essential for vision, particularly crucial for adapting to dark environments.
- Maintains integrity and function of glandular and epithelial tissues (e.g., intestinal, respiratory, urinary tracts, skin, eyes).
- Required for growth (skeletal) and reproduction.
- Retinol and retinoic acid function like steroid hormones.
- Supporting a proper immune system.
- Carotenoids work as antioxidants and can potentially lower cancer risk.
-
Deficiency (VAD):
- Definition: WHO defines Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) as a tissue concentration of vitamin A that can lead to adverse health consequences, even when no clinical symptoms of xerophthalmia are apparent.
- Epidemiology: VAD is a significant public health problem. Globally, approximately 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient. About 250,000-500,000 children lose their sight due to VAD annually, with half dying within 12 months.
- Ocular Signs/Symptoms: Ocular symptoms (xerophthalmia) are common and lead to preventable blindness. These can include night blindness, conjunctival xerosis (dry conjunctiva), bitot spots (whitish/foamy spots on the conjunctiva), and corneal xerosis/keratomalacia (dry/softening of cornea).
- Other Signs/Symptoms: Follicular hyperkeratosis, loss of appetite and weight loss, increased risk of anemia, and fatigue can also be associated with Vitamin A deficiency.
-
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs): Specific amounts vary based on the individual's age and gender and the nutritional status of the individual.
Vitamin D
-
Forms: Vitamin D exists in two forms, primarily D2 and D3. The natural form in animals and humans is vitamin D3, produced in the skin when exposed to sunlight, which converts a precursor to a usable form. Vitamin D2 is a plant-based source, with lower efficiency.
-
Sources:
- Synthesis: Primarily from sunlight exposure (UVB radiation). There is minimal dietary sources of Vitamin D3. These include fatty fish, cod liver oil, and foods fortified with vitamin D (e.g., milk, cereals)
-
Functions:
- Supports bone health by enabling calcium absorption.
- Promotes muscle health.
- Impacts the immune system.
- Aids cell growth.
- Reduces inflammation, and supports cardiovascular health.
-
Deficiency:
- Risk Factors: Lack of sunlight exposure, air pollution, latitude (northern latitudes lack sufficient sunlight in winter), dark skin (melanin can block UV light), use of sunscreens, certain medical conditions, certain medications
- Symptoms: In children, severe vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets (bowed bones, muscle weakness, bone pain, deformities), and in adults, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and increased risk of osteoporosis and osteomalacia may arise.
-
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs): The recommended daily amounts of Vitamin D vary with age group.
-
Prevention and Control (Vitamins A and D):
- Short-term: Large doses of vitamins administered in a national supplementation program.
- Medium-term: Fortifying foods like butter and milk.
- Long-term: Improving dietary habits to have a richer intake of vitamin A and D.
- Infectious disease control: Prevention or early treatment of conditions that decrease vitamin absorption.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the essential vitamins and minerals, focusing on Vitamin A and D deficiencies specifically for third-grade students. Learn about hidden hunger, its health impacts, and the methods to prevent and control deficiencies. Test your knowledge on the signs, symptoms, and associated conditions of micronutrient malnutrition.
