Vitamins and Digestive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the classification of most vitamins?

  • Water-soluble (correct)
  • Mineral-soluble
  • Fat-soluble
  • Protein-soluble

Where in the digestive system do vitamins absorption is maximal?

  • Large intestine
  • Small intestine (correct)
  • Stomach
  • Mouth

Which vitamin dissolves in water?

  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B1 (correct)
  • Vitamin D

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?

<p>In body fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must Water-soluble vitamins be regularly supplied in the diet?

<p>Because they cannot be stored in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term for several related biologically active molecules in the context of Vitamin A?

<p>Retinol and Retinal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food source is rich in retinoids, a form of Vitamin A?

<p>Fish oils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency can be caused by a lack of Vitamin A?

<p>Night blindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of blindness in the world according to the text?

<p>Liver disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent amount of beta-carotene to 1mg of retinol in the context of Vitamin A?

<p>12mg beta-carotene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the MD140 course on Vitamins and Minerals?

<p>The functions of vitamins and minerals in metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of micronutrients act as hormones according to the text?

<p>Fat-soluble vitamins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vitamins and minerals play in enzyme function?

<p>They form prosthetic groups or co-factors for enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vitamins are known to be fat-soluble based on the text?

<p>Vitamin K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of vitamins and minerals for cell biology according to the text?

<p>They are important for cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and immune mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurological manifestations can be seen in Vitamin B12 deficiency?

<p>Numbness, loss of balance, confusion, mood distortion, and dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is crucial for single carbon transfer reactions and synthesis of purines and pyrimidines?

<p>Vitamin B9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Vitamin B12 deficiency affect DNA synthesis?

<p>It inhibits the conversion of folate into the active form necessary for DNA synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deficiency in which vitamin can lead to neural tube defects, low birth weight, and premature birth?

<p>Vitamin B9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Vitamin B12 mainly stored in the body?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can present with symptoms such as megaloblastic anemia and loss of appetite, often resembling another vitamin deficiency?

<p>Vitamin B9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem may arise due to taking high doses of folate supplements in relation to Vitamin B12 deficiency?

<p>Masking of Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms but potential neurological damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for methionine synthesis and plays a role in nucleic acid synthesis?

<p>Vitamin B12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the digestive system is Vitamin B12 absorbed?

<p>Ileum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is primarily found in animal products and can pose a challenge for individuals following a vegan diet?

<p>Vitamin B12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and cannot be stored in the body, requiring regular intake.

Small intestine

Part of the digestive system where most vitamin absorption occurs.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fat and can be stored in the body.

Retinol & Retinal

Biologically active molecules related to vitamin A for various functions.

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Night blindness

A deficiency symptom caused by a lack of vitamin A.

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Vitamin B12 deficiency

A deficiency leading to neurological issues like numbness, balance problems and confusion.

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Vitamin B9

Crucial vitamin for single carbon transfer, DNA synthesis and preventing neural tube defects.

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Methionine synthesis

A process in which vitamin B12 plays a vital role in the creation of methionine.

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Ileum

Part of the small intestine where vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed.

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Beta-carotene

A precursor to retinol (vitamin A), found in plants.

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Liver

Organ primarily responsible for the storage of Vitamin B12.

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Vegan Diet

A dietary pattern that excludes animal products.

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Megaloblastic anemia

A type of anemia caused by a deficiency in vitamin B9 or B12.

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Folic acid

Another name for Vitamin B9.

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Micronutrient

Vitamins and minerals that are needed in small amounts by the body.

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Enzyme Cofactors

Vitamins and minerals that assist enzymes in performing their functions.

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Prosthetic groups

Non-protein molecule required to properly function an enzyme.

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Vitamin K

A fat soluble vitamin important for blood clotting.

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Cell Biology

Study of cells and their characteristics.

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Study Notes

Classification and Solubility of Vitamins

  • Vitamins are classified as water-soluble or fat-soluble
  • Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water
  • Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues

Vitamins and Digestive System

  • Vitamin absorption is maximal in the small intestine
  • Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum (lower part of the small intestine)

Vitamin A

  • Retinoids are a form of Vitamin A found in food sources such as sweet potatoes and carrots
  • Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, the most common cause of blindness worldwide
  • 1mg of retinol is equivalent to 12mg of beta-carotene

Vitamins and Enzyme Function

  • Vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in enzyme function
  • Vitamins that act as hormones include Vitamin D and Vitamin A

Water-Soluble Vitamins

  • Water-soluble vitamins must be regularly supplied in the diet
  • Deficiencies in these vitamins can cause various health problems

Vitamin B12

  • Vitamin B12 is crucial for single carbon transfer reactions and synthesis of purines and pyrimidines
  • Deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to megaloblastic anemia, loss of appetite, and neurological manifestations
  • Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products and can be a challenge for vegans
  • Vitamin B12 is mainly stored in the liver

Folate and Vitamin B12

  • Folate is essential for methionine synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis
  • High doses of folate supplements can mask Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Deficiency in folate can lead to neural tube defects, low birth weight, and premature birth

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