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Questions and Answers
Which vitamin is directly involved in the synthesis of collagen, a crucial component of connective tissue?
Which vitamin is directly involved in the synthesis of collagen, a crucial component of connective tissue?
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin C (correct)
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin E
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to a neurological disorder characterized by impaired blood clotting and hemorrhagic disease?
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to a neurological disorder characterized by impaired blood clotting and hemorrhagic disease?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin K (correct)
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D
Which two vitamins function as antioxidants, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals?
Which two vitamins function as antioxidants, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals?
- Vitamin C and Vitamin E (correct)
- Vitamin A and Vitamin K
- Vitamin D and Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12 and Vitamin E
A deficiency in which vitamin is associated with the development of beriberi, a condition characterized by neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction?
A deficiency in which vitamin is associated with the development of beriberi, a condition characterized by neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction?
Which vitamin is crucial for maintaining calcium balance and enhancing calcium absorption, thereby playing a vital role in bone health?
Which vitamin is crucial for maintaining calcium balance and enhancing calcium absorption, thereby playing a vital role in bone health?
Flashcards
Vitamin A
Vitamin A
Retinol; helps with vision, cell differentiation, and is an antioxidant.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D
Calciferol; maintains calcium balance and aids absorption.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Phylloquinone and menaquinones; essential for blood clotting and bone health.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C
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Study Notes
Vitamin Functions
- Vitamin A (Retinol): Crucial for visual pigments, cell differentiation, and antioxidant functions (B-carotene form).
- Vitamin D (Calciferol): Maintains calcium balance, enhances calcium absorption, and mobilizes bone mineral.
- Vitamin E (Tocopherols): Acts as an antioxidant, particularly in cell membranes.
- Vitamin K (Phylloquinone, Menaquinones): Essential coenzyme for blood clotting and bone matrix enzymes.
B Vitamins Functions
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): A coenzyme in pyruvate, 2-keto-glutarate dehydrogenases, and transketolase reactions.
- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions (flavoproteins).
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions, involved in NAD and NADP formation.
- Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid): Part of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein.
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Coenzyme for amino acid transamination and glycogen phosphorylase.
- Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Coenzyme in carboxylation reactions (gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis).
- Vitamin B9 (Folic acid): Coenzyme in transferring one-carbon fragments.
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Coenzyme for one-carbon transfer and folic acid metabolism.
Vitamin C Function
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid): Coenzyme in collagen synthesis, antioxidant, and enhances iron absorption.
Deficiency Diseases
- Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratinization of skin.
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets, osteomalacia.
- Vitamin E Deficiency: Extremely rare neurological dysfunction.
- Vitamin K Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, hemorrhagic disease.
- Vitamin B1 Deficiency: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
- Vitamin B2 Deficiency: Lesions of mouth, lips, and tongue, seborrheic dermatitis.
- Vitamin B3 Deficiency: Pellagra (photosensitive dermatitis, depressive psychosis).
- Vitamin B5 Deficiency: Disorders of amino acid metabolism, convulsions.
- Vitamin B6 Deficiency: Peripheral nerve damage, burning foot syndrome.
- Vitamin B7 Deficiency: Impaired fat/carbohydrate metabolism, dermatitis.
- Vitamin B9 Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, spinal cord degeneration.
- Vitamin C Deficiency: Scurvy (impaired wound healing, subcutaneous hemorrhage).
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