Biochem L1C | Lipid Soluble Vitamins

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What is the general cause of deficiency for lipid-soluble vitamins?

Inadequate intake/malnutrition (correct)

Complication of GI surgery

Poor absorption from the intestinal tract

Increased demand such as pregnancy

Which of the following vitamins act as hormones?

Vitamin D and E

Vitamin A and D (correct)

Vitamin E and K

Vitamin A and K

Which lipid-soluble vitamin is not readily absorbed from the diet?

Vitamin A

Vitamin K

Vitamin E

Vitamin D (correct)

What are the shared characteristics of lipid-soluble vitamins?

Stored in tissues and circulating concentrations kept constant Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin can be toxic in excess, according to recent evidence?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

When may deficiency of lipid-soluble vitamins develop?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing hemorrhagic disease of the newborn due to vitamin K deficiency?

Premature birth Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is required for the post-translational modification of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What can cause deficiency of vitamin K in humans?

Liver disease Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may result from vitamin E deficiency in premature infants?

Hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contains carboxylated residues requiring vitamin K for their activation?

Factor II (Prothrombin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin E?

Protects cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with deficiency of vitamin K in newborn infants?

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn Signup and view all the answers

What group of drugs inhibits the action of vitamin K?

(WARFARIN) Dicoumarin group Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of vitamin K for newborn infants?

Intestinal microflora Signup and view all the answers

What condition may develop in premature infants due to vitamin E deficiency?

Hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is required for the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues in coagulation factors?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What may cause hemorrhagic disease of the newborn due to vitamin K deficiency?

Inefficient placental transfer of vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the transport of calcitriol in plasma?

It is transported in plasma bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 from 25(OH)D3?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcitriol in the intestinal epithelium?

It induces gene expression in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and infancy?

Development of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse health outcomes linked to low vitamin D levels during pregnancy and infancy?

Increased incidence of autoimmune diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the 28-year-old woman's symptoms based on the given information?

Malabsorption syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of α-tocopherol?

Green leafy vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid-containing structures are associated with α-tocopherol due to its lipid solubility?

Membranes, lipoproteins, and fat deposits Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of α-Tocopherol?

Inhibit the activity of protein kinase C Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about vitamin D toxicity is correct based on the given information?

Deposition of Ca2+ in soft tissue is a common outcome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely cause of night blindness and dry, scaly skin in a 32-year-old woman with decreased serum levels of retinol?

Impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of vitamin D found in the liver and in the circulation?

Calcidiol Signup and view all the answers

Which form of vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by UV irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol?

Cholecalciferol Signup and view all the answers

What can cause vitamin D deficiency by disturbing enterohepatic circulation?

Impaired hepatic hydroxylation of vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is a plant pigment that serves as a pro-vitamin for vitamin A?

Beta-carotene Signup and view all the answers

In which organ is retinol esterified and stored in the form of retinyl esters, bound to the cytosolic retinol-binding proteins?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which hydroxylase forms calcitriol (1α,25dihydroxycholecalciferol; 1,25[OH]2D3) from calcidiol (25hydroxycholecalciferol; 25[OH]D3) in the renal tubules?

CYP27B1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of retinoid deficiency in children and pregnant women?

Night blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor interacts with all-trans and 9-cis-retinoic acid?

RAR (retinoid acid receptors) Signup and view all the answers