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Questions and Answers
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) functions as a coenzyme for which of the following enzyme pairs?
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) functions as a coenzyme for which of the following enzyme pairs?
A patient presents with peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting and paralysis. This indicates which type of Thiamine deficiency?
A patient presents with peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting and paralysis. This indicates which type of Thiamine deficiency?
Which form of beriberi is most associated with cardiovascular symptoms, including edema and heart failure?
Which form of beriberi is most associated with cardiovascular symptoms, including edema and heart failure?
A patient shows encephalopathy, psychosis, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. Which deficiency and condition is the most likely cause?
A patient shows encephalopathy, psychosis, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. Which deficiency and condition is the most likely cause?
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What is the primary dietary need that can cause Pellagra?
What is the primary dietary need that can cause Pellagra?
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Which set of symptoms is most characteristic of Pellagra?
Which set of symptoms is most characteristic of Pellagra?
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What is the primary metabolic role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)?
What is the primary metabolic role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)?
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Which of the following conditions results in excessive conversion of tryptophan to serotonin, potentially causing a niacin deficiency?
Which of the following conditions results in excessive conversion of tryptophan to serotonin, potentially causing a niacin deficiency?
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Flashcards
Beriberi
Beriberi
A condition caused by thiamine deficiency, characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms.
Dry Beriberi
Dry Beriberi
Type of beriberi affecting the nervous system, leading to peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting, and paralysis.
Wet Beriberi
Wet Beriberi
Type of beriberi affecting the heart, causing edema and heart failure.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
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Pellagra
Pellagra
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NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
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NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)
NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)
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Pellagra
Pellagra
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Study Notes
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
- Coenzyme Function: TPP (Thiamine Pyrophosphate) is a crucial coenzyme for transketolase and transaldolase in carbohydrate metabolism.
- Deficiency (Beriberi) Causes: Polished rice-based diets, chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, inadequate parenteral nutrition.
- Deficiency Types:
- Dry Beriberi: Peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting, paralysis.
- Wet Beriberi: Cardiovascular symptoms (edema, heart failure).
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Encephalopathy, psychosis, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia (common in alcoholics).
- Infantile Beriberi: Occurs in infants born to thiamine-deficient mothers.
- Management: Thiamine supplementation (50 mg IM for 3 days, then oral).
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
- Sources: Whole grains, cereals, milk, meat, liver, yeast. Synthesized from tryptophan (60 mg tryptophan = 1 mg niacin), requiring B6.
- Active Forms: NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate).
- NAD: Energy production (electron transport chain).
- NADP: Biosynthetic processes (e.g., fatty acid synthesis).
- Deficiency (Pellagra) Causes: Low niacin/tryptophan intake (e.g., corn-based diets), Hartnup's disease, carcinoid tumors, isoniazid therapy.
- Deficiency Symptoms (4 Ds):
- Dermatitis: Erythema on sun-exposed areas (Casal's necklace).
- Diarrhea: Mild to severe.
- Dementia: Poor memory, irritability, inability to concentrate.
- Death (if untreated).
- Management: Niacin supplementation (300 mg daily, then maintenance doses).
Clinical Applications
- Recommended Daily Allowance: Knowledge of RDA based on age, gender, and physiological states (pregnancy, lactation).
- Vitamins' Journey: Understanding dietary and synthetic sources, absorption, transport, & storage of vitamins.
- Vitamins' Role and Effects: Identifying biochemical roles, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity (hypervitaminosis) for each vitamin.
- Clinical Use: Applying vitamin knowledge for diagnosing and managing related conditions.
Quiz Highlights
- Pellagra's first symptom: Dermatitis.
- Diagnosis for a thiamine-deficient patient with edema: Wet Beriberi.
- Most common enzyme deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 21-hydroxylase.
- Coenzyme for Vitamin C's hydroxylation reactions: Hydroxyproline.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information regarding Thiamine (Vitamin B1) and Niacin (Vitamin B3), including their coenzyme functions, deficiency syndromes like Beriberi, and sources. Learn about the management of these vitamin deficiencies and their importance in metabolism.
