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Questions and Answers
Which vitamin is also known as B1?
Where is thiamin widely available?
What is the active form of thiamin?
Which process does thiamin assist in?
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What is the role of thiamin in the body?
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Where does the reaction that forms acetyl CoA from pyruvate and one of the citric acid cycle reactions require thiamin pyrophosphate take place?
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Which of the following is a source of thiamin?
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What is the consequence of deficiency in either folate or vitamin B12?
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Which nutrient is needed to convert homocysteine to methionine?
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What can high levels of homocysteine in the blood increase the risk of?
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Which nutrient can lead to fatty liver if deficient?
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Which nutrient provides one-carbon units for methylation reactions?
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Which nutrient is necessary for the breakdown of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons to enter the citric acid cycle?
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Which nutrient can be converted into active cobalamin coenzyme forms?
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Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids?
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Which vitamin is required for over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
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Which vitamin is necessary for DNA synthesis and the metabolism of some amino acids?
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Which vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of iron and is most readily absorbed from animal products?
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Which vitamin plays a role in the breakdown of the amino acid homocysteine, affecting the risk of cardiovascular disease?
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Which vitamin deficiency symptoms include poor growth, nerve problems, diarrhea, inflammation of the tongue, and anemia?
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Which vitamin deficiency can result in increased blood homocysteine levels, macrocytic anemia, and neurological symptoms?
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Which vitamin deficiency can result in beriberi?
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Which vitamin is important for the citric acid cycle and forms active coenzymes FAD and FMN?
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Which vitamin deficiency leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, and potentially death if untreated?
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Which vitamin is enriched in the aleurone cell layer of brown rice, leading to potential deficiency in polished rice?
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Which vitamin deficiency can occur in people with malabsorption or protein-energy malnutrition and functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism?
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Which vitamin is added to enriched flours in North America and plays a crucial role in energy production and metabolism?
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Which vitamin is important for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and various metabolic pathways?
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Vitamin B12 is necessary for maintenance of ______
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High levels of homocysteine in the blood increase the risk of ______
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Choline metabolite phosphotidylcholine makes up 40-50% of cellular membranes, and 70-95% of phospholipids in lipoproteins and ______
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If folate or vitamin B12 is deficient, homocysteine cannot be converted to methionine, so ______ rise
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This form of folate, needed for the synthesis of DNA, cannot be made if vitamin B12 is ______
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Vitamin B12 is necessary for maintenance of _______
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Vitamin B12 can be converted into either of two active cobalamin coenzyme forms, which function in the breakdown of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons in the chain to enter the citric acid cycle and in reactions that synthesize _______ from homocysteine
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If folate or vitamin B12 is deficient, homocysteine cannot be converted to methionine, so _______ rise
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High levels of homocysteine in the blood increase the risk of _______ disease
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Choline metabolite phosphotidylcholine makes up 40-50% of cellular membranes, and 70-95% of phospholipids in lipoproteins and _______
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______ (Vitamin B1) is enriched in the aleurone cell layer of brown rice, so polished rice lacks thiamin, leading to potential deficiency
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______ (Vitamin B2) is important for the citric acid cycle and is easily destroyed by heat and light
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______ deficiency, called pellagra, leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and potentially death if untreated
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______ dietary sources include liver, egg yolks, yogurt, and nuts
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The ______ (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7) play key roles in energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and various metabolic pathways
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Vitamin B5, also known as ______, is part of the coenzyme A (CoA) molecule, essential for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids.
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Vitamin B6, also known as ______, is required for over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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______ (Vitamin B9) coenzymes are essential for DNA synthesis and the metabolism of some amino acids.
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______ is necessary for the proper absorption of iron and is most readily absorbed from animal products.
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______ deficiency symptoms include depression, headaches, confusion, numbness, tingling, anemia, and poor growth.
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Where is thiamin widely available?
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What is the active form of thiamin?
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Where does the reaction that forms acetyl CoA from pyruvate and one of the citric acid cycle reactions require thiamin pyrophosphate take place?
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What is the consequence of deficiency in thiamin?
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What process does thiamin assist in?
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Which nutrient is necessary for the breakdown of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons to enter the citric acid cycle?
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Which vitamin is important for the synthesis of DNA and cannot be made if vitamin B12 is deficient?
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Which nutrient can lead to fatty liver if deficient and makes up a significant portion of cellular membranes and phospholipids?
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Which vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of iron and is most readily absorbed from animal products?
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Which nutrient provides one-carbon units for methylation reactions and is widely distributed in foods like egg yolks, spinach, nuts, and wheat germ?
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Which vitamin deficiency can lead to pellagra, causing symptoms like dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and potentially death if untreated?
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Which vitamin is enriched in the aleurone cell layer of brown rice, leading to potential deficiency in polished rice?
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Which vitamin is important for the citric acid cycle and is easily destroyed by heat and light?
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Which vitamin functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, citric acid cycle, and glucose synthesis, and can occur in people with malabsorption or protein-energy malnutrition?
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Which vitamin's deficiency can result in increased blood homocysteine levels, macrocytic anemia, and neurological symptoms?
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Where is Vitamin B6 found in abundance?
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Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids?
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What is the consequence of low folate intake in early pregnancy?
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Which vitamin is necessary for over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
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Where is thiamin widely available?
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What is the active form of thiamin?
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In which process does thiamin assist?
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Which of the following is a function of thiamin in the body?
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Where does the reaction that forms acetyl CoA from pyruvate and one of the citric acid cycle reactions require thiamin pyrophosphate take place?
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Which vitamin plays a crucial role in the breakdown of the amino acid homocysteine, impacting the risk of cardiovascular disease?
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Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids?
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Where is Vitamin B12 most readily absorbed from?
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Which vitamin is required for over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
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What is the consequence of low folate intake in early pregnancy?
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Which vitamin is important for the citric acid cycle and forms active coenzymes FAD and FMN?
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Which vitamin deficiency can lead to beriberi, a condition rare in North America but prevalent in Southeast Asia?
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Which vitamin is added to enriched flours in North America and plays a crucial role in energy production and metabolism?
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Which vitamin functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, citric acid cycle, and glucose synthesis?
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Where is riboflavin (Vitamin B2) found in abundance?
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What is the consequence of deficiency in either folate or vitamin B12?
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Which nutrient provides one-carbon units for methylation reactions and is widely distributed in foods like egg yolks, spinach, nuts, and wheat germ?
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What is the active form of thiamin?
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Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and the metabolism of some amino acids?
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Which nutrient is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and cannot be made if vitamin B12 is deficient?
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Which vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of iron and is most readily absorbed from animal products?
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Which vitamin plays a role in over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
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Where is choline found in abundance?
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Which nutrient deficiency can lead to fatty liver?
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Study Notes
Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7: Functions and Deficiencies
- Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is enriched in the aleurone cell layer of brown rice, so polished rice lacks thiamin, leading to potential deficiency
- Thiamin deficiency can result in beriberi, which is rare in North America but prevalent in Southeast Asia due to polished rice consumption
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is important for the citric acid cycle and is easily destroyed by heat and light
- Riboflavin is found in dairy products, mushrooms, broccoli, asparagus, whole grains, red meat, poultry, and fish
- Riboflavin forms active coenzymes FAD and FMN, crucial for energy production and vitamin conversion
- Riboflavin deficiency symptoms include inflammation of the eyes, lips, mouth, and tongue, and is rarely seen alone
- Niacin (Vitamin B3) is added to enriched flours in North America and plays a crucial role in energy production and metabolism
- Niacin deficiency, called pellagra, leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and potentially death if untreated
- Biotin (Vitamin B7) functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, citric acid cycle, and glucose synthesis
- Biotin deficiency is uncommon and can occur in people with malabsorption or protein-energy malnutrition
- Biotin dietary sources include liver, egg yolks, yogurt, and nuts
- The B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7) play key roles in energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and various metabolic pathways
Vitamins B5, B6, B9, and B12: Key Facts and Functions
- Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) is part of the coenzyme A (CoA) molecule, essential for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids.
- Vitamin B5 is abundant in meat, eggs, whole grains, and legumes.
- Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is required for over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Vitamin B6 is found in chicken, pork, organ meats, whole-wheat products, brown rice, soybeans, sunflower seeds, bananas, broccoli, and spinach.
- Pyridoxal phosphate, a form of Vitamin B6, is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, conversion of tryptophan to niacin, and metabolism of glycogen.
- Vitamin B6 deficiency symptoms include depression, headaches, confusion, numbness, tingling, anemia, and poor growth.
- Vitamin B6 plays a role in the breakdown of the amino acid homocysteine, affecting the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Folate (Vitamin B9) coenzymes are essential for DNA synthesis and the metabolism of some amino acids.
- Low folate intake in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects.
- Vitamin B9 deficiency symptoms include poor growth, nerve problems, diarrhea, inflammation of the tongue, and anemia.
- Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper absorption of iron and is most readily absorbed from animal products.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency can result in increased blood homocysteine levels, macrocytic anemia, and neurological symptoms; deficiencies are rare due to body stores and reutilization.
Vitamins B5, B6, B9, and B12: Key Facts and Functions
- Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) is part of the coenzyme A (CoA) molecule, essential for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids.
- Vitamin B5 is abundant in meat, eggs, whole grains, and legumes.
- Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is required for over 100 enzyme reactions in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Vitamin B6 is found in chicken, pork, organ meats, whole-wheat products, brown rice, soybeans, sunflower seeds, bananas, broccoli, and spinach.
- Pyridoxal phosphate, a form of Vitamin B6, is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, conversion of tryptophan to niacin, and metabolism of glycogen.
- Vitamin B6 deficiency symptoms include depression, headaches, confusion, numbness, tingling, anemia, and poor growth.
- Vitamin B6 plays a role in the breakdown of the amino acid homocysteine, affecting the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Folate (Vitamin B9) coenzymes are essential for DNA synthesis and the metabolism of some amino acids.
- Low folate intake in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects.
- Vitamin B9 deficiency symptoms include poor growth, nerve problems, diarrhea, inflammation of the tongue, and anemia.
- Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper absorption of iron and is most readily absorbed from animal products.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency can result in increased blood homocysteine levels, macrocytic anemia, and neurological symptoms; deficiencies are rare due to body stores and reutilization.
Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7: Functions and Deficiencies
- Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is enriched in the aleurone cell layer of brown rice, so polished rice lacks thiamin, leading to potential deficiency
- Thiamin deficiency can result in beriberi, which is rare in North America but prevalent in Southeast Asia due to polished rice consumption
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is important for the citric acid cycle and is easily destroyed by heat and light
- Riboflavin is found in dairy products, mushrooms, broccoli, asparagus, whole grains, red meat, poultry, and fish
- Riboflavin forms active coenzymes FAD and FMN, crucial for energy production and vitamin conversion
- Riboflavin deficiency symptoms include inflammation of the eyes, lips, mouth, and tongue, and is rarely seen alone
- Niacin (Vitamin B3) is added to enriched flours in North America and plays a crucial role in energy production and metabolism
- Niacin deficiency, called pellagra, leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and potentially death if untreated
- Biotin (Vitamin B7) functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, citric acid cycle, and glucose synthesis
- Biotin deficiency is uncommon and can occur in people with malabsorption or protein-energy malnutrition
- Biotin dietary sources include liver, egg yolks, yogurt, and nuts
- The B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7) play key roles in energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and various metabolic pathways
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Description
Test your knowledge of the functions and deficiencies of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7 with this informative quiz. Learn about the importance of these vitamins in energy production, metabolism, and overall health, as well as the potential consequences of their deficiencies.
