Vitamin B Functions and Deficiencies

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What is the primary function of vitamin B6 in the body?

Aid in cell multiplication

Energy metabolism

Regulation of blood pressure

Neurotransmitter synthesis (correct)

What is the name of the disease caused by a deficiency of thiamin?

Scurvy

Rickets

Beriberi (correct)

Pellagra

What are the four primary symptoms of Niacin deficiency?

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and deafness

Diarrhea, dry skin, diabetes, and death

Diarrhea, depression, dry skin, and death

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death (correct)

What is the term for an inflammation of the tongue, often caused by a vitamin B deficiency?

Glossitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome found in alcohol abusers that is caused by a thiamin deficiency?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the world was beriberi first observed, correlating with the widespread polishing of rice?

Indonesia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of minerals in the body?

They remain in the body until excreted and cannot be destroyed by heat, air, acid or mixing Signup and view all the answers

Where does the digestion and absorption of minerals occur?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin D in the absorption of minerals?

Regulates the absorption of Ca Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?

To assist in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between major and trace minerals?

Major minerals are needed in larger amounts, while trace minerals are needed in smaller amounts Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transferrin in the body?

Binds with Fe Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which bones do not calcify normally and grow in a bent shape, resulting from vitamin D deficiency?

Rickets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Egg yolks Signup and view all the answers

What happens to minerals that are easily absorbed into the bloodstream?

They are excreted by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin E in the body?

As an antioxidant to prevent oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of prolonged vitamin E deficiency?

Neuromuscular dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin K in the body?

To activate blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of high sodium intake?

Increased calcium excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of sodium in most people's diets?

Processed foods Signup and view all the answers

What is a role of sodium in the body?

Supporting nerve impulse transmission Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sodium when it is absorbed by the intestinal tract?

It travels freely in the blood until it reaches the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when there is an excess of one mineral in the body?

A decreased absorption of other minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is megaloblastic anemia characterized by?

Presence of large, immature and abnormal RBC in bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health problems is associated with an increased risk in heavy drinkers?

Cancer of the liver, breast, mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, colon, and rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on heart disease risk?

It raises blood pressure, blood lipids, and the risk of stroke and heart disease in heavy drinkers Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on blood glucose levels?

It raises blood glucose levels in some individuals, but lowers it in others Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physical and behavioral abnormalities caused by heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Fetal alcohol syndrome Signup and view all the answers