Vital Statistics and Data Collection Methods

The formula calculates the sex ratio, which is the number of females per thousand males.

'm' represents the crude death rate (CDR), which signifies deaths in a given region over a period.

One of the main drawbacks is that it ignores the age and sex distribution of the population.

<p>'nDx' represents the number of deaths in the age group (x, x+n).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula for the annual age-specific death rate is $Mx = Dx / Px * 1000$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The age-specific death rate improves by considering the age and sex distribution of the population, while CDR does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Do^2$ represents the number of deaths (excluding foetal deaths) of children in the age group (0,1).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The standardized death rate is used to compare the mortality of two different places or the mortality of the same place over two different time periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TFR stands for Total Fertility Rate. It measures the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime, based on current birth rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Pearle's vital index less than 100 indicates a population decline, as the death rate exceeds the birth rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GRR considers only female births, while TFR includes all births, regardless of gender. This distinction means GRR indicates how many daughters a woman will have, while TFR shows how many children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They define the age range for which the number of births to women of a specific age is considered in the calculations of TFR and GRR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crude rate of natural increase is simply the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate, while Pearle's vital index expresses this difference as a percentage of the crude death rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GRR = Σ 5(fBx/fPx x 1000)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GRR focuses on the rate at which mothers are replaced by daughters, so it only considers female births to determine how many females are born to each generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not account for the age structure of the population. They are both crude measures, not considering factors like migration or other factors that can influence population growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dx is calculated as the difference between lx and lx+1, so, dx = lx - lx+1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The qx column represents the probability of dying between age x and x+1, making it crucial for mortality analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stationary population has constant size with equal births and deaths, while a stable population maintains fixed age and sex distribution with consistent mortality and fertility rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life tables are used to assess mortality distributions and to calculate insurance premiums.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assumptions include time-independent fertility and mortality rates, and a closed population with respect to migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lx is derived as the average of lx and lx+1, so Lx = (lx + lx+1).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stable population is defined as one with fixed age and sex distribution and constant mortality and fertility rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tx represents the total number of years remaining for individuals at age x, while ex denotes the average future life expectancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GRR represents the Gross Reproduction Rate, indicating the number of female births in relation to the total births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If GRR &lt; 1, the population will decline; if GRR = 1, the population remains constant; and if GRR &gt; 1, the population will increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main drawback of GRR is that it does not consider the mortality rates of female births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NRR is the Gross Reproduction Rate adjusted for mortality, indicating the actual contribution of women to population growth over their reproductive period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NRR is always less than or equal to GRR; NRR equals GRR only if a newborn girl survives until the end of her reproductive period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A NRR value of less than 1 indicates that the population has a tendency to decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A life table provides data on the life history, probability of life, and mortality for different age groups in a cohort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$T_x = l_x + l_{x+1} + l_{x+2} + ... + l_{w-1}$ where $w$ is the maximum age where $l_w = 0$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notation 'l x' represents the number of persons living at a specified age x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expectation of life $e_x$ is the average number of complete years a person aged $x$ is expected to live under current mortality conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$m_x$ is calculated as the ratio of the number of deaths within the interval $(x, x+1)$ to $l_x$, specifically $m_x = rac{dx}{l_x}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force of mortality $µ_x$ is the rate at which $l_x$ decreases with respect to age, calculated as $µ_x = -rac{d(1/l_x)}{dx}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$p_x = rac{e_{x+1}}{1 + e_{x+1}}$ expresses the probability of surviving to the next age adjusted by the expectation of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key assumptions include that the cohort is closed to immigration or emigration and that mortality patterns are predetermined and uniformly distributed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$e_x = \frac{T_x}{l_x}$, where $T_x$ is the total future lifetime and $l_x$ is the number of survivors at age $x$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This expression indicates that the number of survivors at age $x$, $l_x$, equals the number at age $x-1$ minus the number of deaths $d_x$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBR is calculated using the formula $i' = \frac{B \times 1000}{P}$ where $B$ is the number of live births, and $P$ is the total population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBR is not effective because it ignores age and sex distribution, cannot measure risk exposure accurately, and is not suitable for comparing different regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GFR is defined as $GFR = \frac{B}{P_x} \times 1000$ where $B$ is the number of live births and $P_x$ is the number of females in the reproductive age group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GFR accounts for the female population at risk and reflects actual fertility impacts among women of reproductive age, unlike CBR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SFR measures births within a specific group and is calculated as $SFR = \frac{No. \ of \ births \ in \ section}{Total \ females \ in \ section} \times 1000.$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASFR is calculated using $nix = \frac{nB_x}{nP_x} \times 1000$, where $nB_x$ is the number of live births to the female population in the age group and $nP_x$ is the total number of females in that age group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TFR represents the total number of children a woman would have, calculated by adding the annual age-specific fertility rates: $TFR = \Sigma i_x = \Sigma \frac{B_x}{fP_x} \times 1000.$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both GFR and TFR may not fully represent demographic differences such as cultural practices and economic factors, which influence fertility rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers