Visual Impairment in the Elderly
50 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What symptoms are typically associated with acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG)?

  • Severe visual field loss with no pain
  • Severe ocular pain and nausea (correct)
  • Mild headache and watery eyes
  • Chronic eye irritation and redness

    • What is a common misdiagnosis for patients who are acutely unwell due to AACG?

  • Sinusitis
  • Chronic migraine
  • Respiratory infection
  • Acute abdominal problem (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the physical examination findings in AACG?

  • Reduced intraocular pressure and normal pupil reaction
  • Mid-dilated pupil and edematous cornea (correct)
  • Normal eye pressure and clear cornea
  • Constricted pupil and painless eye

    • What is one treatment option for AACG after initial medical therapy?

    <p>Bilateral peripheral iridectomies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for developing AACG?

    <p>Hypermetropia and enlarged cataractous lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of patient advice post-attack of AACG?

    <p>Legal implications of driving with impaired vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the visual prognosis for treated AACG?

    <p>Should not lead to visual impairment if treated promptly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is mentioned as a significant cause of visual morbidity in the elderly?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy, particularly maculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of central retinal vein occlusions (CRVOs) are classified as non-perfused or ischaemic?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of neovascular glaucoma developing in ischaemic CRVO cases?

    <p>40–60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Study aim to investigate regarding prophylactic photocoagulation (PRP)?

    <p>Its usefulness in preventing iris neovascularisation and neovascular glaucoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in elderly patients?

    <p>Embolic sources from carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential sign might be observed at the onset of CRVO related to the iris vessels?

    <p>Dilation of iris vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of CRVOs are classified as non-ischaemic?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is often experienced prior to the onset of CRAO?

    <p>Amaurosis fugax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the conclusions of the Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Study regarding grid laser treatment?

    <p>It helps in terms of visual acuity in CRVO cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical clinical appearance of a CRAO?

    <p>Retinal pallor with a cherry-red spot at the macula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the management plan for CRAO?

    <p>Routine eye drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ischaemic CRVO as stated in the context?

    <p>CRVO with &gt;10DD of retinal non-perfusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the severity of carotid artery disease be assessed?

    <p>Carotid doppler studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding iris vessel dilation in CRVO is true?

    <p>It may occur but is not indicative of rubeosis iridis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of permanent blindness following amaurosis fugax over 5 years?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is a less common etiology for CRAO?

    <p>Temporal arteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is performed to reduce intraocular pressure in CRAO management?

    <p>Anterior chamber paracentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical characteristic of elderly patients when providing medical history?

    <p>They give a very helpful and detailed history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration struggle with?

    <p>Mastering the use of the pinhole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients aged 70-74 have corrected vision of less than 6/7.5 despite having clinically normal eyes?

    <p>14.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Frequent use of digital devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has definitively contributed evidence to the causation of age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of age-related macular degeneration as described in the content?

    <p>A progressive disabling bilateral condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying aspect of age-related macular degeneration remains a challenge in understanding?

    <p>The exact mechanisms of its aetiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is likely considered to NOT solely determine the risk of age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Eye color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a system mentioned in the content?

    <p>To facilitate communication between different components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is likely to be critical for ensuring process integrity?

    <p>Data redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dynamic' refer to in the context of system design?

    <p>Adjustable parameters that can change based on input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In system operations, what could potentially affect the reliability of the output?

    <p>The method of data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be a significant factor in evaluating system performance?

    <p>Efficiency of resource usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to hinder effective data management in a system?

    <p>Uncontrolled data access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is typically used to enhance system security?

    <p>Implementing multi-factor authentication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by systems when integrating new technology?

    <p>Legacy system compatibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding system scalability?

    <p>Scalability determines how well a system can adapt to growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the system is crucial for maintaining user trust?

    <p>Regular updates and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary demographic difference between the arteritic and non-arteritic forms of optic neuropathy?

    <p>Arteritic patients tend to be older on average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy is effective for the arteritic form of AION?

    <p>Management as for temporal arteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual symptoms can occur after a cerebrovascular accident?

    <p>Homonymous hemianopic or quadrantopic visual field loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by patients during stroke rehabilitation related to vision?

    <p>Uncorrected refractive errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids can benefit elderly patients with low vision due to age-related ophthalmic pathology?

    <p>CCTV or Easyreader systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess a patient's ophthalmic status after a cerebrovascular accident?

    <p>Because such issues could complicate rehabilitation management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients with low vision, what technology is recommended for reading?

    <p>CCTV systems and spectacle magnifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT contribute to visual impairment in post-stroke patients?

    <p>Excessive screen time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Visual Impairment in the Elderly

    • Elderly patients often provide detailed histories, allowing for diagnosis based on their account, confirmed by examination. Encouragement is key for some elderly patients.
    • Elderly patients, especially those with macular degeneration, may have difficulty using a pinhole for testing; refracting is helpful regardless.
    • Vision deterioration is common with age, with 14.5% of 70-74 year olds having corrected vision below 6/7.5 (LogMAR 0.1), despite clinically normal eyes.
    • AMD, first described in 1885, is a progressive, bilateral condition causing blindness in the UK, affecting 30–49% of new blind registrations yearly.
    • AMD is a common condition, yet its underlying cause was unknown until recently.
    • Risk factors include age, sex, race, height, social status, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, refractive error, and personal characteristics. Smoking, high blood pressure, and genetics are established factors.
    • Clinically, AMD is categorized into "dry" (atrophic, 80%) and "wet" (exudative, 20%) forms.
    • "Wet" AMD is more severe, leading to significant central vision loss. Dry AMD's hallmark are drusen, small, bright, round spots beneath the retinal vessels, often in the posterior pole.
    • Hard drusen are found in 83% of normal adults.
    • The symptoms of AMD can vary based on the type, including visual distortion, loss of central vision, and red-tinted vision.

    Clinical Features of AMD

    • A heterogeneous disease
    • Dry AMD involves loss of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, or choriocapillaris. Advanced stage is geographic atrophy
    • Wet AMD shows choroidal neovascularization, involving blood vessel growth into the retina. Subretinal fibrosis, hemorrhage, and scarring are typical symptoms.
    • Both forms can cause visual loss; severity varies greatly depending on the subtype.

    Treatment for AMD

    • Current treatments are most effective for "wet" AMD, using argon laser photocoagulation, but recurrence is common.
    • Geographic atrophy, a type of "dry" AMD, has no specific treatment options.
    • Low vision aids, large print, and good lighting can assist with managing the visual impairments common in this condition.

    Other Visual Impairments in the Elderly

    • Cataracts: A clouding of the eye's lens, often gradual and affecting distance vision more than near vision. Surgery is a common treatment.
    • Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure, often asymptomatic until advanced, affecting the optic nerve. Screening is important.
    • Diabetic Retinopathy: Diabetic conditions can cause significant vision impairment, typically maculopathy in advanced stages. Ongoing treatment may be necessary.
    • Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): Sudden vision loss due to blockage of the central retinal vein, often accompanied by other health issues; prompt treatment crucial.
    • Temporal Arteritis: A rare systemic inflammatory disease; characterized by sudden visual loss, headache, and jaw pain; rapid treatment crucial to prevent further visual impairment
    • Cerebrovascular Accidents: (CVA) (Stroke): Can cause various visual impairments such as hemianopia (loss of half the visual field) involving homonymous visual field loss, or oculomotor abnormalities, and perceptual irregularities.

    Management of Visual Condition

    • Collaboration is crucial between optometrists, ophthalmologists, and other healthcare professionals for appropriate management of visual conditions
    • Patients should be involved in decisions regarding their treatment, and given encouragement to cope with visual loss
    • Strategies like low vision, sensory adjustments, and ongoing care are essential for overall wellbeing.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Visual Impairment in the Elderly PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the complexities of visual impairment in elderly patients, focusing on conditions such as Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Explore the diagnosis, risk factors, and implications of vision deterioration in older adults. Enhance your understanding of how age-related changes affect visual health.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser