Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary layer affected in Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?

Retina Pigment Epithelium (RPE) (correct)

Cornea

Sclera

Choroid

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic tool for Macular Diseases?

Ophthalmoscopy

OCT

Slit Lamp

Electroretinography (ERG) (correct)

What is the characteristic feature of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?

Drusen (correct)

Epiretinal Membrane

Macular Edema

Retinal Detachment

What is the function of the Retina Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in the eye?

Waste removal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Ophthalmoscopy in diagnosing Macular Diseases?

To visualize the optic disc Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the accumulation of waste material under the Retina Pigment Epithelium (RPE)?

Drusen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?

Macular Edema Signup and view all the answers

What can cause macular atrophy or reduced function due to thinning?

Stretching of the macula Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to the retina’s survival?

Both photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) Signup and view all the answers

What is Comotio retinae referred to as?

Traumatic retinopathy secondary to direct or indirect trauma to the globe Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of traumatic maculopathy?

Massive subretinal hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors?

Myopic macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What can cause damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors?

Myopia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for subretinal neovascular membrane?

SRNVM Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the appearance of alternating light and dark lines on fluorescein angiography?

Choroidal Folds Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for ARMD?

injections Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where there is a hole in the macula?

Macular Hole Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where the thyroid gland affects the eyes?

TED - Thyroid eye disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where the retina becomes thin and the retinal pigment epithelium is disrupted?

Peripapillary atrophy (PPA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where new blood vessels grow under the retina in response to myopia?

Myopia Degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chart used to detect scotoma?

Amsler chart Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where the retina becomes thick and swollen due to fluid accumulation?

Cystoid Macular Oedema Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where there is a membrane that grows on the surface of the retina, causing visual disturbances?

Epiretinal Membranes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macular Diseases

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is a condition that affects the Retina Pigment Epithelium (RPE)
ARMD is caused by drusen, which are small yellow or white deposits that accumulate under the retina
ARMD can lead to blindness due to leakage of fluid or bleeding under the retina
Amsler chart is used to detect ARMD, and it can help identify scotoma (blind spots) in the visual field

Types of ARMD

Dry ARMD: characterized by the presence of drusen and pigmentary changes in the RPE
Exudative ARMD: characterized by the growth of new blood vessels under the retina, leading to leakage and bleeding
Disciform degeneration: a type of exudative ARMD that leads to blindness

Other Macular Diseases

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: a condition that causes fluid accumulation under the retina, leading to vision loss
Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO): a type of macular edema that causes vision loss due to fluid accumulation
Epiretinal Membranes: a condition that causes wrinkling of the retina, leading to vision loss
Macular Hole: a hole in the center of the macula that can cause vision loss
Choroidal Folds: a condition that causes folds in the choroid layer of the eye, leading to vision loss

Myopic Macular Degeneration

Myopia can cause stretching of the macula, leading to macular atrophy or reduced function
Stretching can cause thinning of the photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to myopic macular degeneration (MMD)

Traumatic Maculopathy

Traumatic maculopathy is a condition that occurs due to direct or indirect trauma to the globe
Comotio retinae refers to traumatic retinopathy secondary to direct or indirect trauma to the globe

Hereditary Macular Dystrophies

Hereditary macular dystrophies are a group of conditions that affect the macula and are inherited
Examples include POHS (Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome), AMPPE (Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy), and VKH (Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease)

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Description

Learn about Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), its causes, symptoms, and diagnosis. Understand the types of ARMD and its effects on vision.