Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Visual Hierarchy in Neuroscience
39 Questions
4 Views

Visual Hierarchy in Neuroscience

Created by
@CommendableLilac

Questions and Answers

Neurons in the right LGN respond to stimulation of the:

  • left visual hemifield
  • left eye (correct)
  • right visual hemifield
  • right eye

    • The human eye transduces visible light to electrical signals using bipolar cells.

    False

    What is the main function of rods and cones in the human eye?

    Transduce visible light to electrical signals

    The binding problem in visual perception refers to the problem of how the brain determines which features (_____, motion, shape) belong to the same object.

    <p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Visual projections to V1 run through the:

    <p>lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the visual pathway with their respective functions:

    <p>Rods and cones = Transduce light to electrical signals Bipolar cells = Amplify electrical signals LGN = Process visual information V1 = Primary visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    New neurons are formed all the time in the brain, which is referred to as a cortical assembly line.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by a cortical assembly line?

    <p>Neurons in visual cortex are sensitive to increasingly complex features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do scientists use to follow the connections to and from a given neuron?

    <p>Chemical tracers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Neuron doctrine, the brain is composed of distinct, separate cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main divisions of the developing vertebrate brain?

    <p>prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four functions of a neuron, in the right order from dendrite to axon, are: collecting, _______________, conducting, outputting.

    <p>integrating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following brain regions with their functions:

    <p>Brodmann areas = Regions of the cortex sensitive to specific cognitive tasks Prosencephalon = Forebrain division in developing vertebrate brains Rhombencephalon = Hindbrain division in developing vertebrate brains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nervous system do humans have?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Starfish and jellyfish have a central nervous system at the top of their body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with developing the Neuron doctrine?

    <p>Santiago Ramón y Cajal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the brain represent objects?

    <p>Through 'Gnostic' cells or ensembles of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The later stages of the visual system are more important than the earlier stages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is achieved in the brain through hierarchical coding, lateral and feedback processing?

    <p>Perceptual organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain determines the ______________ of an object through the visual pathways.

    <p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Binding problem = How action potentials lead to mental life Perceptual organization = Achieved through hierarchical coding, lateral and feedback processing Visual hierarchy = From simple to complex features Gnostic cells = Cells that represent objects at the top of the visual hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of synapses in the brain increases over time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT proof of feedback processing in the brain?

    <p>Orientation is represented in V1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to your hands when you sit on the couch to knit?

    <p>They start to move, seemingly without much effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Regulatory set of nuclei involved in maintaining homeostasis through hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central nervous system consists only of the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______________ nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following brain structures with their functions:

    <p>Hypothalamus = Regulating body temperature and hunger Cerebral Cortex = Relay station between brain stem and cerebral cortex Brain Stem = Coordinating and regulating movement Cerebellum = Involved in neurotransmitter release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of these methods from fastest to slowest in terms of the temporal scale at which they typically operate when measuring/disrupting brain activity?

    <p>EEG, fMRI, TMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TMS is a non-invasive technique used to induce virtual brain lesions in humans.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of top-down experiments?

    <p>To stimulate parts of a mechanism to see its effect on the phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique would a scientist use to compare neural tracts between two groups of people non-invasively?

    <p>DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bottom-up experiments involve manipulating a phenomenon to see its effect on the mechanism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does establishing etiological causal relevance entail?

    <p>Manipulating something and establishing what the effect of that manipulation is on something else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Top-down experiments involve stimulating/disrupting the __________ of a mechanism to see its effect on the phenomenon.

    <p>parts and/or processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of experiments with their descriptions:

    <p>Top-down experiments = Stimulating/disrupting parts of a mechanism to see its effect on the phenomenon Bottom-up experiments = Manipulating a phenomenon to see its effect on the mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for understanding the visual pathways?

    <p>Understanding the mechanism of the phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of feature extraction in visual perception?

    <p>To extract relevant features of an object, such as color, motion, shape, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortical processing involves the formation of new neurons in the brain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Visual Hierarchy

    • Neurons in the right LGN respond to stimulation of the right visual hemifield.
    • Auditory projections to A1 run through the inferior colliculus, whereas visual projections to V1 run through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
    • The human eye transduces visible light to electrical signals using rods and cones.
    • Increasingly complex tuning properties arise in the visual hierarchy because multiple neurons that are tuned to complex features project to single neurons higher up in the hierarchy to obtain even more complex tuning properties.
    • A "cortical assembly line" refers to neurons in the visual cortex being sensitive to increasingly complex features.

    Perception

    • The binding problem in visual perception refers to the problem of how the brain determines which features (color, motion, shape) belong to the same object.

    History and Neurons

    • Scientists use chemical tracers to follow the connections to and from a given neuron.
    • Brodmann areas are regions of the cortex that look different under a microscope.
    • The "Neuron doctrine" was formulated by Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
    • In axial views of the brain, both hemispheres can be seen at the same time.
    • The four functions of a neuron, in the right order from dendrite to axon, are collecting, integrating, conducting, and outputting.

    Nervous System

    • Developing vertebrate brains contain three main divisions: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.
    • Humans have a central nervous system at the top of the body, whereas other animals, such as starfish and jellyfish, have nervous systems that are distributed throughout the body.
    • When you raise your arm, kick a ball, or withdraw your hand from a hot plate, you are using the somatic nervous system.
    • The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The hypothalamus is a regulatory set of nuclei that are involved in maintaining homeostasis through hormone secretion.

    Plasticity and Memory

    • Over time, the number of synapses in the brain decreases.
    • Top-down experiments are experiments in which the parts and/or processes of a mechanism are stimulated/disrupted to see whether there is an effect on the phenomenon that the mechanism is thought to constitute.

    Methods

    • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a type of MRI scan that can be used to map neural tracts.
    • The difference between T2 and T2* weighted MRI images is that T2* weighted images are sensitive to blood oxygenation, whereas T2 weighted images are not.
    • The correct order of these methods from fastest to slowest in terms of the temporal scale at which they typically operate when measuring/disrupting brain activity is EEG, TMS, fMRI.
    • TMS is used to induce virtual brain lesions in humans.
    • DTI is used to compare neural tracts between two groups of people.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the visual hierarchy and neuron responses in the LGN, as well as visual and auditory projections to primary cortical areas. It's a great test for neuroscience students.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Mastering Visual Hierarchy
    5 questions

    Mastering Visual Hierarchy

    IdolizedSanity avatar
    IdolizedSanity
    Layout Design Concepts
    10 questions

    Layout Design Concepts

    LushSocialRealism avatar
    LushSocialRealism
    Web Design Principles and Elements
    11 questions

    Web Design Principles and Elements

    EuphoricSheep avatar
    EuphoricSheep
    Brand Style Guides: Mastering Typography, Visual Hierarchy, and Visual Identity
    10 questions

    Brand Style Guides: Mastering Typography, Visual Hierarchy, and Visual...

    GoodEveningPrimrose avatar
    GoodEveningPrimrose
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser