48 Questions
What is the term used to describe the temporary decrease in the probability of detecting a second target after identifying the first, with a lag of 200-500ms?
Attentional blink
Which type of attention is captured by the properties of the stimulus, such as salience?
Bottom-up attention
What is the term for the tendency of healthy people to preferentially attend to the left side of space?
Pseudoneglect
In which type of visual search task is the target distinguished by a single feature, such as color or shape?
Feature search
What is the term for the decline in signal detection rate caused by shifting criterion, decline in sensitivity, and attentional lapses?
Vigilance decrement
Which model of spatial attention can be metaphorically thought of as a spotlight developed to a particular region of space?
Zoom-lens model
What type of attention involves deliberately focusing attention on a relevant stimulus?
Top-down attention
What was observed in a single cell recording study with Rhesus monkeys regarding responses to attended stimuli compared to unattended stimuli?
Larger responses to attended stimuli
What task demonstrated that valid cues improve detection when the cue target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is <200ms, but inhibit detection when CTOA is >200ms?
Posner Cueing Task
What is the term for an inability to respond to visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field, despite normal vision and motor function?
Hemispatial neglect
What type of attention involves the rapid encoding of summary statistics of a set rather than individual items?
Ensemble-based attention
What was observed in patient P.S. regarding visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field?
Inability to respond to visual stimuli
What is the first step in visual processing?
Light being emitted or reflected from the environment
Where are the signals transmitted to by the LGN in visual processing?
Primary visual cortex (V1)
What is the phenomenon where only 50% of participants realized a change despite the person they were helping having different clothes, height, and voices?
Change Blindness
What did Beanland and Pammer's study reveal about eye movements and Inattentional Blindness (IB)?
Eye movements don’t predict IB
What are the physiological constraints that limit the brain's processing of everything in the environment?
Energy consumption
What percentage of observers failed to notice the unexpected event in Inattentional Blindness (IB) during a difficult task?
45%
What is the term for the inability of the brain to process all information in the environment due to excessive information?
Processing constraints
What is the term used to describe the decline in signal detection rate caused by shifting criterion, decline in sensitivity, and attentional lapses?
Attentional Lapse
What does the primary visual cortex (V1) do in the visual processing pathway?
Receives signals from the LGN
What is the term for the tendency of healthy people to preferentially attend to the left side of space?
Hemispatial neglect
What is the term for the rapid encoding of summary statistics of a set rather than individual items?
Set-based processing
What type of attention involves deliberately focusing attention on a relevant stimulus?
Selective attention
What is the term for the inability of the brain to process all information in the environment due to excessive information?
Sensory Overload
Where are the signals transmitted to by the LGN in visual processing?
Primary visual cortex (V1)
What percentage of observers failed to notice the unexpected event in Inattentional Blindness (IB) during a difficult task?
45%
What does the primary visual cortex (V1) do in the visual processing pathway?
Receives signals from the LGN
Which type of attention involves deliberately focusing attention on a relevant stimulus?
Selective attention
What is the term for the decline in signal detection rate caused by shifting criterion, decline in sensitivity, and attentional lapses?
Vigilance decrement
What is the term for the tendency of healthy people to preferentially attend to the left side of space?
Leftward attentional bias
What is the first step in visual processing?
Passing of light through the eye lens to the retina
In which type of visual search task is the target distinguished by a single feature, such as color or shape?
Feature search
What task demonstrated that valid cues improve detection when the cue target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is <200ms, but inhibit detection when CTOA is >200ms?
Posner cueing task
What is the term for an inability to respond to visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field, despite normal vision and motor function?
Hemispatial neglect
What is the term for the rapid encoding of summary statistics of a set rather than individual items?
Statistical summary perception
What is the term for the phenomenon where only 50% of participants realized a change despite the person they were helping having different clothes, height, and voices?
Change blindness
What type of visual search task distinguishes the target by a single feature, such as color or shape?
Feature search
What is the term for the inability to respond to visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field, despite normal vision and motor function?
Hemispatial neglect
What does the primary visual cortex (V1) do in the visual processing pathway?
Processes basic visual information
Where are the signals transmitted to by the LGN in visual processing?
Primary visual cortex (V1)
What is the term for the decline in signal detection rate caused by shifting criterion, decline in sensitivity, and attentional lapses?
Vigilance decrement
What was observed in a single cell recording study with Rhesus monkeys regarding responses to attended stimuli compared to unattended stimuli?
Larger responses to attended stimuli
What is the term for the rapid encoding of summary statistics of a set rather than individual items?
Rapid ensemble coding
What is the term for the tendency of healthy people to preferentially attend to the left side of space?
Pseudoneglect
What type of attention is captured by the properties of the stimulus, such as salience?
Bottom-up attention
What was observed in patient P.S. regarding visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field?
Inability to respond to visual stimuli
What was observed in Beanland and Pammer's study regarding eye movements and Inattentional Blindness (IB)?
Gaze cueing with valid eye gaze cues improves target detection
Study Notes
Visual Attention: Mechanisms and Phenomena
- Attention is a mechanism to filter large amounts of information to aid perception and action by enhancing selected inputs or suppressing irrelevant inputs.
- Neural evidence of attention was observed in a single cell recording study with Rhesus monkeys, showing larger responses to attended stimuli compared to unattended stimuli in the same location of the receptive field.
- Humans can accurately identify scenes presented for <100ms, despite a single saccade taking ~300ms, indicating rapid encoding of summary statistics of a set rather than individual items.
- Spatial attention can be metaphorically thought of as a spotlight developed to a particular region of space and is associated with different models like the Zoom-lens, overt attention, and covert attention.
- The Posner Cueing Task demonstrated that valid cues improve detection when the cue target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is <200ms, but inhibit detection when CTOA is >200ms, showing "inhibition of return" beginning about 250ms after onset.
- Top-down attention involves deliberately focusing attention on a relevant stimulus, while bottom-up attention is captured by the properties of the stimulus, such as salience.
- Gaze cueing with valid eye gaze cues improves target detection, even when participants know the cues are only valid on 50% of trials, indicating that eye gaze captures attention.
- Attentional blink refers to a temporary decrease in the probability of detecting a second target after identifying the first, with a lag of 200-500ms.
- Patient P.S. demonstrated hemispatial neglect, an inability to respond to visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field, despite normal vision and motor function, with treatments such as prismatic adaptation and rehabilitation available.
- Hemispatial neglect is much more common after right hemisphere strokes, and pseudoneglect is the tendency of healthy people to preferentially attend to the left side of space, with representational pseudoneglect apparent in recall and navigation.
- Visual search tasks can be feature search or conjunction search, and vigilance decrement, a decline in signal detection rate, is caused by shifting criterion, decline in sensitivity, and attentional lapses.
- Recent research suggests that a change in response threshold and attentional lapses are mostly responsible for vigilance decrement.
Visual Attention: Mechanisms and Phenomena
- Attention is a mechanism to filter large amounts of information to aid perception and action by enhancing selected inputs or suppressing irrelevant inputs.
- Neural evidence of attention was observed in a single cell recording study with Rhesus monkeys, showing larger responses to attended stimuli compared to unattended stimuli in the same location of the receptive field.
- Humans can accurately identify scenes presented for <100ms, despite a single saccade taking ~300ms, indicating rapid encoding of summary statistics of a set rather than individual items.
- Spatial attention can be metaphorically thought of as a spotlight developed to a particular region of space and is associated with different models like the Zoom-lens, overt attention, and covert attention.
- The Posner Cueing Task demonstrated that valid cues improve detection when the cue target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is <200ms, but inhibit detection when CTOA is >200ms, showing "inhibition of return" beginning about 250ms after onset.
- Top-down attention involves deliberately focusing attention on a relevant stimulus, while bottom-up attention is captured by the properties of the stimulus, such as salience.
- Gaze cueing with valid eye gaze cues improves target detection, even when participants know the cues are only valid on 50% of trials, indicating that eye gaze captures attention.
- Attentional blink refers to a temporary decrease in the probability of detecting a second target after identifying the first, with a lag of 200-500ms.
- Patient P.S. demonstrated hemispatial neglect, an inability to respond to visual stimuli in the contralesional visual field, despite normal vision and motor function, with treatments such as prismatic adaptation and rehabilitation available.
- Hemispatial neglect is much more common after right hemisphere strokes, and pseudoneglect is the tendency of healthy people to preferentially attend to the left side of space, with representational pseudoneglect apparent in recall and navigation.
- Visual search tasks can be feature search or conjunction search, and vigilance decrement, a decline in signal detection rate, is caused by shifting criterion, decline in sensitivity, and attentional lapses.
- Recent research suggests that a change in response threshold and attentional lapses are mostly responsible for vigilance decrement.
Test your knowledge of visual attention mechanisms and phenomena with this quiz. Explore topics such as spatial attention, top-down and bottom-up attention, gaze cueing, attentional blink, hemispatial neglect, and visual search tasks. Learn about the neural evidence of attention and the factors influencing vigilance decrement.
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